breach of fiduciary duty claim (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

breach of fiduciary duty claim in Ohio

45 Ohio opinions name it 3 courts 1999–2026 9 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (13)

CaseFollowedCited
In re Termination of Employment of Prattgreen
ohio · 1974 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2025
2 sentences

2025The Fiduciary Relationship {¶118} “The term ‘fiduciary relationship’ has been defined as a relationship ‘in which special confidence and trust is reposed in the integrity and fidelity of another 33 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS and there is a resulting position of superiority or influence, acquired by virtue of this special trust.’” Groob v. KeyBank, 2006-Ohio-1189 , ¶ 16, quoting In re Termination of Emp. of Pratt, 40 Ohio St.2d 107, 115 (1974).

2016A “fiduciary relationship” is one “in which special confidence and trust is reposed in the integrity and fidelity of another 2 Although the trial court refers to a breach of fiduciary duty counterclaim, Ms. Hahn’s counterclaims did not did not include a claim for breach of fiduciary duty, and Ms. Hahn does not allege in her brief that she pled a claim for breach of fiduciary duty or that this Court should consider a breach of fiduciary duty claim. 6 and there is a resulting position of superiority or influence, acquired by virtue of this special trust.” In re Termination of Emp. of Pratt, 40 O

44
Groob v. KeyBankgreen
ohio · 2006 · cited in 3 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2012–2024
2 sentences

2024Id. {¶ 26} A fiduciary relationship is “a relationship ‘in which special confidence and trust is reposed in the integrity and fidelity of another and there is a resulting position of superiority or influence, acquired by virtue of this special trust.’ ” Groob v. KeyBank, 108 Ohio St.3d 348 , 2006-Ohio-1189 , ¶ 16, quoting In re Termination of Emp. of Pratt, 40 Ohio St.2d 107, 115 (1974).

2020No. 19AP-705 11 {¶ 32} The Supreme Court of Ohio has defined a fiduciary relationship as a relationship " 'in which special confidence and trust is reposed in the integrity and fidelity of another and there is a resulting position of superiority or influence, acquired by virtue of this special trust.' " Groob v. KeyBank, 108 Ohio St.3d 348 , 2006-Ohio-1189 , ¶ 16, quoting In re Termination of Emp. of Pratt, 40 Ohio St.2d 107, 115 (1974).

13
Hickerson v. Hickersongreen
ohioctapp · 2010 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2026
2 sentences

2026Hickerson v. Hickerson, 2010-Ohio-4070, ¶ 24 (3d Dist.). {¶71} It is undisputed in this case that Seislove Burial Vault Service, Inc. is a close corporation, which is defined as “an entity with ‘few shareholders and whose corporate shares are not generally traded on a securities market.’” Hickerson, at ¶ 25, quoting Tinter v. Lucik, 2007-Ohio-4437, ¶ 23 (8th Dist.). “‘[O]wnership of -27- Case No. 13-25-14 close corporations is “limited to a small number of people who are dependent on each other for the enterprise to succeed.”’” Id., quoting Wheeler v. Johnson, 2008- Ohio-2599, ¶ 24 (2d Dist.),

2016Hancock No. 5-10-08, 2010-Ohio-4070 , 2010 WL 3385792 , ¶ 24. {¶ 29} The appellants argue that the trial court's judgment on the breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim was erroneous for several reasons.

12
Tinter v. Lucikgreen
ohioctapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2010–2026
2 sentences

2026Hickerson v. Hickerson, 2010-Ohio-4070, ¶ 24 (3d Dist.). {¶71} It is undisputed in this case that Seislove Burial Vault Service, Inc. is a close corporation, which is defined as “an entity with ‘few shareholders and whose corporate shares are not generally traded on a securities market.’” Hickerson, at ¶ 25, quoting Tinter v. Lucik, 2007-Ohio-4437, ¶ 23 (8th Dist.). “‘[O]wnership of -27- Case No. 13-25-14 close corporations is “limited to a small number of people who are dependent on each other for the enterprise to succeed.”’” Id., quoting Wheeler v. Johnson, 2008- Ohio-2599, ¶ 24 (2d Dist.),

2026Hickerson v. Hickerson, 2010-Ohio-4070, ¶ 24 (3d Dist.). {¶71} It is undisputed in this case that Seislove Burial Vault Service, Inc. is a close corporation, which is defined as “an entity with ‘few shareholders and whose corporate shares are not generally traded on a securities market.’” Hickerson, at ¶ 25, quoting Tinter v. Lucik, 2007-Ohio-4437, ¶ 23 (8th Dist.). “‘[O]wnership of -27- Case No. 13-25-14 close corporations is “limited to a small number of people who are dependent on each other for the enterprise to succeed.”’” Id., quoting Wheeler v. Johnson, 2008- Ohio-2599, ¶ 24 (2d Dist.),

12
Thomas v. Fletcher, Unpublished Decision (12-18-2006)green
ohioctapp · 2006 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2024
2 sentences

2024Thomas v. Fletcher, 2006-Ohio-6685, ¶ 13 (3d Dist.).

2008No. 17-05-31, 2006-Ohio-6685 , 2006 WL 3702699 , at ¶ 13, quoting Werthmann v. DONet, 2d Dist.

12
Werthmann v. Donet, Inc., Unpublished Decision (6-24-2005)green
ohioctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2006–2010
2 sentences

2010No. 20814, 2005-Ohio-3185, ¶42 (citations omitted). - 11 - Case No. 5-10-08 {¶25} As the facts indicate, Hickerson Excavating is a close corporation, which is defined as an entity with “few shareholders and whose corporate shares are not generally traded on a securities market.” Tinter v. Lucik, 172 Ohio App.3d 692 , 2007-Ohio-4437 , 876 N.E.2d 1026, ¶23 . “[O]wnership of close corporations is ‘limited to a small number of people who are dependent on each other for the enterprise to succeed.’” Wheeler v. Johnson, 2nd Dist.

2006No. 20814, 2005-Ohio-3185 , at ¶ 42 , citations omitted. {¶ 14} Majority shareholders in a close corporation owe minority shareholders a heightened fiduciary duty.

12
White v. Pitmangreen
ohioctapp · 2020 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Law and Analysis {¶117} “The elements for a breach of fiduciary duty claim are ‘(1) the existence of a duty arising from a fiduciary relationship, (2) the failure to observe that duty, and (3) an injury proximately resulting.’” White v. Pitman, 2020-Ohio-3957, ¶ 31 (1st Dist.), quoting Vontz v. Miller, 2016-Ohio-8477, ¶ 28 (1st Dist.). 1.

11
Vontz v. Millergreen
ohioctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Law and Analysis {¶117} “The elements for a breach of fiduciary duty claim are ‘(1) the existence of a duty arising from a fiduciary relationship, (2) the failure to observe that duty, and (3) an injury proximately resulting.’” White v. Pitman, 2020-Ohio-3957, ¶ 31 (1st Dist.), quoting Vontz v. Miller, 2016-Ohio-8477, ¶ 28 (1st Dist.). 1.

11
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, Administratrix of the Estate of Catrettgreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See generally Pettiford v. Aggarwal, 2010-Ohio-3237, ¶ 21 , quoting Byrd v. Smith, 2006-Ohio-3455 , ¶ 11, quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 327 (1986) (“‘“Rule 56 must be construed with due regard not only for the rights of persons asserting claims and defenses that are adequately based in fact to have those claims and defenses tried to a jury, but also for the rights of persons opposing such claims and defenses to demonstrate in the manner provided by the Rule, prior to trial, that the claims and defenses have no factual basis.”’”); Dailey v. First Bank, 2005-Ohio-3152, ¶ 11 (10

11
Pettiford v. Aggarwalgreen
ohio · 2010 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See generally Pettiford v. Aggarwal, 2010-Ohio-3237, ¶ 21 , quoting Byrd v. Smith, 2006-Ohio-3455 , ¶ 11, quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 327 (1986) (“‘“Rule 56 must be construed with due regard not only for the rights of persons asserting claims and defenses that are adequately based in fact to have those claims and defenses tried to a jury, but also for the rights of persons opposing such claims and defenses to demonstrate in the manner provided by the Rule, prior to trial, that the claims and defenses have no factual basis.”’”); Dailey v. First Bank, 2005-Ohio-3152, ¶ 11 (10

11
Dailey v. First Bank of Oh, Unpublished Decision (6-23-2005)green
ohioctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See generally Pettiford v. Aggarwal, 2010-Ohio-3237, ¶ 21 , quoting Byrd v. Smith, 2006-Ohio-3455 , ¶ 11, quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 327 (1986) (“‘“Rule 56 must be construed with due regard not only for the rights of persons asserting claims and defenses that are adequately based in fact to have those claims and defenses tried to a jury, but also for the rights of persons opposing such claims and defenses to demonstrate in the manner provided by the Rule, prior to trial, that the claims and defenses have no factual basis.”’”); Dailey v. First Bank, 2005-Ohio-3152, ¶ 11 (10

11
Petre v. Living Centers-East, Inc.green
laed · 1996 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See Petre, 935 F. Supp. at 810 (using that reasoning to impose a general fiduciary duty on a nursing home, which it found was breached by providing inadequate care).

2022(Brackets sic.) Manor Care, Inc. at 77 (In footnote 27, the “small number of jurisdictions” the court referred to were three cases that allowed a breach of a fiduciary duty claim brought by a nursing home resident to survive a motion for judgment on the pleadings or a summary judgment motion: Petre v. Living Ctrs.-East, Inc., 935 F.Supp. 808, 812 (E.D.La.1996) (allowing a breach of fiduciary duty claim to survive summary judgment, “The burden of proving that a fiduciary relationship existed in this case still lies with the plaintiff but such a factual determination in [sic] more properly handl

11
Kokitka v. Ford Motor Co.green
ohio · 1995 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (46)

CaseCitedYears
Strock v. Pressnell green
ohio · 1988
2 sentences

2014Strock v. Pressnell, 38 Ohio St.3d 207, 216 , 527 N.E.2d 1235 (1988); Sudnick v. Klein, 11th Dist.

2014Strock v. Pressnell, 38 Ohio St.3d 207, 216 , 527 N.E.2d 1235 (1988); Sudnick v. Klein, 11th Dist.

62004–2014
Crosby v. Beam green
ohio · 1989
2 sentences

2018Id. at 109, 548 N.E.2d 217 ; (internal citations omitted). {¶ 47} Ellis alleged a breach of fiduciary duty claim against Kashmiry on several grounds including: failure to include Ellis in business decisions, Kashmiry using corporate funds to pay for personal expenses, Kashmiry paying his wife $8,000 to $12,000 a year for no apparent business purpose, terminating Ellis' employment for refusal to take a reduction in compensation, and terminating Ellis without just cause. {¶ 48} These parties agreed that Ellis would become merely an employee of RKA-not a co-owner or manager.

2010Crosby v. Beam (1989), 47 Ohio St.3d 105, 105 , 548 N.E.2d 217 , at paragraph two of the syllabus.

22010–2018
Helman v. Epl Prolong, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2017The discovery rule does not toll the statute of limitations for a breach of fiduciary duty claim.” Id., citing Helman v. EPL Prolong, Inc., 139 Ohio App.3d 231, 249 , 743 N.E.2d 484 (7th Dist.2000).

2017The discovery rule does not toll the statute of limitations for a breach of fiduciary duty claim.” Id., citing Helman v. EPL Prolong, Inc., 139 Ohio App.3d 231, 249 , 743 N.E.2d 484 (7th Dist.2000).

22012–2017
Thomas v. Chimera neutral
ohioctapp · 2023
1 sentence

2025Thomas v. Chimera, 2023-Ohio-2132 (5th Dist.). {¶104} The trial court declined to give the jury instruction based on noneconomic damages for two reasons: (1) because it viewed the crux of the action as a breach of contract action rather than a tort action and (2) because there was not sufficient evidence for the issue to go to the jury without being speculative. {¶105} The only claim the jury found in favor of Jay on was the breach of fiduciary duty claim against Artie as the majority shareholder.

12025–2025
Patel v. Univ. of Toledo green
ohioctapp · 2017
1 sentence

2024Id. {¶ 26} A fiduciary relationship is “a relationship ‘in which special confidence and trust is reposed in the integrity and fidelity of another and there is a resulting position of superiority or influence, acquired by virtue of this special trust.’ ” Groob v. KeyBank, 108 Ohio St.3d 348 , 2006-Ohio-1189 , ¶ 16, quoting In re Termination of Emp. of Pratt, 40 Ohio St.2d 107, 115 (1974).

12024–2024
Sacksteder v. Senney green
ohioctapp · 2012
1 sentence

2023Montgomery No. 24993, 2012-Ohio-4452, ¶ 87 .

12023–2023
In Re Removal of Kuehnle green
ohioctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2023(R. 1, complaint ¶ 167.) Ingram asserts that Ohio law establishes a fiduciary duty for “‘board members to act in the best interests [] of students, their parents, the taxpayers of the district, and the taxpayers of the state of Ohio.’” (Appellant’s brief p. 33, quoting In re Removal of Kuehnle, 161 Ohio App.3d 399 , 2005-Ohio-2373 , 830 N.E.2d 1173 .) Ingram further asserts that she brought this breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim as a parent and taxpayer.

2023(R. 1, complaint ¶ 167.) Ingram asserts that Ohio law establishes a fiduciary duty for “‘board members to act in the best interests [] of students, their parents, the taxpayers of the district, and the taxpayers of the state of Ohio.’” (Appellant’s brief p. 33, quoting In re Removal of Kuehnle, 161 Ohio App.3d 399 , 2005-Ohio-2373 , 830 N.E.2d 1173 .) Ingram further asserts that she brought this breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim as a parent and taxpayer.

12023–2023
Zaborowski v. Hospitality Care Center of Hermitage Inc. green
pactcomplmercer · 2002
1 sentence

2022(Brackets sic.) Manor Care, Inc. at 77 (In footnote 27, the “small number of jurisdictions” the court referred to were three cases that allowed a breach of a fiduciary duty claim brought by a nursing home resident to survive a motion for judgment on the pleadings or a summary judgment motion: Petre v. Living Ctrs.-East, Inc., 935 F.Supp. 808, 812 (E.D.La.1996) (allowing a breach of fiduciary duty claim to survive summary judgment, “The burden of proving that a fiduciary relationship existed in this case still lies with the plaintiff but such a factual determination in [sic] more properly handl

12022–2022
Greenfield v. Manor Care, Inc. green
fladistctapp · 1997
1 sentence

2022(Brackets sic.) Manor Care, Inc. at 77 (In footnote 27, the “small number of jurisdictions” the court referred to were three cases that allowed a breach of a fiduciary duty claim brought by a nursing home resident to survive a motion for judgment on the pleadings or a summary judgment motion: Petre v. Living Ctrs.-East, Inc., 935 F.Supp. 808, 812 (E.D.La.1996) (allowing a breach of fiduciary duty claim to survive summary judgment, “The burden of proving that a fiduciary relationship existed in this case still lies with the plaintiff but such a factual determination in [sic] more properly handl

12022–2022
Aristocrat Lakewood Nursing Home v. Mayne green
ohioctapp · 1999
2 sentences

2022The breach of fiduciary duty claim was encompassed in the negligence claim. {¶72} In Aristocrat Lakewood Nursing Home v. Mayne, 133 Ohio App.3d 651 , 729 N.E.2d 768 , (8th Dist. 1999), a nursing home alleged that a resident’s stepdaughter, who was the resident’s attorney-in-fact, had a fiduciary duty to the resident via the power of attorney and therefore also had a fiduciary duty to the nursing home to ensure that the resident’s nursing home bills were paid.

2022The breach of fiduciary duty claim was encompassed in the negligence claim. {¶72} In Aristocrat Lakewood Nursing Home v. Mayne, 133 Ohio App.3d 651 , 729 N.E.2d 768 , (8th Dist. 1999), a nursing home alleged that a resident’s stepdaughter, who was the resident’s attorney-in-fact, had a fiduciary duty to the resident via the power of attorney and therefore also had a fiduciary duty to the nursing home to ensure that the resident’s nursing home bills were paid.

12022–2022
Lucarell v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2018
2 sentences

2021Co., 152 Ohio St.3d 453 , 2018-Ohio-15 , 97 N.E.3d 458, ¶ 42 . {¶ 75} Since the purchase contract did not contain any express terms imposing a fiduciary duty, the claim in the Complaint for breach of fiduciary cannot be read as referring to anything other than a joint venture or partnership, which could have been either the Agreement (which implied a partnership or joint venture) or the oral agreement (which implied a joint venture), followed by part-performance. {¶ 76} Finally, contrary to Katz’s claims, Plaintiffs did mention in the trial court, in connection with the breach of fiduciary dut

2021Co., 152 Ohio St.3d 453 , 2018-Ohio-15 , 97 N.E.3d 458, ¶ 42 . {¶ 75} Since the purchase contract did not contain any express terms imposing a fiduciary duty, the claim in the Complaint for breach of fiduciary cannot be read as referring to anything other than a joint venture or partnership, which could have been either the Agreement (which implied a partnership or joint venture) or the oral agreement (which implied a joint venture), followed by part-performance. {¶ 76} Finally, contrary to Katz’s claims, Plaintiffs did mention in the trial court, in connection with the breach of fiduciary dut

12021–2021
Brosz ex rel. Big Lots, Inc. v. Fishman green
ohsd · 2015
1 sentence

2020Id., citing Newcomer v. Natl.

12020–2020
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Sessley green
ohioctapp · 2010
1 sentence

2020No. 12AP-60, 2012- Ohio-4420, ¶ 16, citing Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Sessley, 188 Ohio App.3d 213 , 2010- Ohio-2902, ¶ 36 (10th Dist.). " 'When there is no fiduciary relationship between the parties, a breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim necessarily fails.' " Cristino at ¶ 16, quoting Wells Fargo Bank at ¶ 36.

12020–2020
Kleemann v. Carriage Trace, Inc., 21873 (8-17-2007) green
ohioctapp · 2007
1 sentence

2018Montgomery No. 21873, 2007-Ohio-4209 , ¶ 49, 2007 WL 2343756 ( R.C. 1702.30 controls the condominium unit owners association board members' conduct and not a common law fiduciary obligation), in order to prove a breach of fiduciary duty claim, the plaintiff must establish (1) the existence of a duty arising from a fiduciary relationship; (2) a failure to observe the duty; and (3) an injury resulting proximately therefrom.

12018–2018
Cook Family Invests. v. Billings, Unpublished Decision (2-22-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
1 sentence

2017Lorain Nos. 05CA008689, 05CA008691, 2006-Ohio-764 , 2006 WL 401307 , ¶ 19 ("[A]n appellate court shall affirm a trial court's judgment that is legally correct on other grounds, that is, one that achieves the right result for the wrong reason, because such an error is not prejudicial."). {¶ 27} Lastly, with respect to Cohen's aiding, abetting, inducing or participating in breaches of fiduciary duties claim, we conclude that such a cause of action is not cognizable under Ohio law.

12017–2017
Cleveland Indus. Square v. Dzina, Unpublished Decision (3-9-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
12017–2017
Gaines v. Preterm-Cleveland, Inc. green
ohio · 1987
12017–2017
State ex rel. Maurer v. Franklin County Board of Elections green
ohio · 1987
12017–2017
State ex rel. Celebrezze v. Gibbs green
ohio · 1991
2 sentences

2017Celebrezze v. Gibbs , 60 Ohio St.3d 69 , 74, 573 N.E.2d 62 (1991) (holding trial court did not abuse its discretion in empowering receiver to perform actions specifically enumerated in R.C. 2735.04 ). {¶ 19} The Association further argues that the trial court's appointment of a receiver to investigate and prosecute the breach of fiduciary duty claim "threatens to violate the receiver's core characteristic of neutrality * * * [b]y conditioning further payment to the receiver on the receiver's finding of a claim to ultimately pursue[;]" thus, "the receiver is placed in a position that creates th

2017Celebrezze v. Gibbs , 60 Ohio St.3d 69 , 74, 573 N.E.2d 62 (1991) (holding trial court did not abuse its discretion in empowering receiver to perform actions specifically enumerated in R.C. 2735.04 ). {¶ 19} The Association further argues that the trial court's appointment of a receiver to investigate and prosecute the breach of fiduciary duty claim "threatens to violate the receiver's core characteristic of neutrality * * * [b]y conditioning further payment to the receiver on the receiver's finding of a claim to ultimately pursue[;]" thus, "the receiver is placed in a position that creates th

12017–2017
Kirila v. Kirila Contrs., Inc. green
ohioctapp · 2016
1 sentence

2017Trumbull No. 2015-T-0108, 2016-Ohio-5469 , 2016 WL 4426409 , ¶ 31. {¶ 26} We recognize that there are factual disputes on several issues in this case relating to Johnson's representation of Sericola.

12017–2017
Hinton v. Masek green
ohioctapp · 2014
1 sentence

2017Trumbull No. 2013-T-0110, 2014-Ohio-2890 , 2014 WL 2968593 , ¶ 14. {¶ 24} For Sericola's claims for Fraud and Misrepresentation, it was necessary to prove: "(a) a representation or, where there is a duty to disclose, concealment of a fact, (b) which is material to the transaction at hand, (c) made falsely, with knowledge of its falsity, or with such utter disregard and recklessness as to whether it is true or false that knowledge may be inferred, (d) with the intent of misleading another into relying upon it, (e) justifiable reliance upon the representation or concealment, and (f) a resulting

12017–2017
All Star Land Title v. Surewin Invest., Unpublished Decision (11-2-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
12016–2016
Sredniawa v. Sredniawa, Unpublished Decision (3-30-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
12016–2016
Gracetech Inc. v. Perez green
ohioctapp · 2012
12016–2016
Casey v. Reidy green
ohioctapp · 2009
12016–2016
cluster 780189 green
ca6 · 2002
12014–2014
Tonti v. Tonti green
ohioctapp · 1951
12014–2014
In Re Miamisburg Train Derailment Litigation green
ohioctapp · 1999
12014–2014
Belvedere Condominium Unit Owners' Ass'n v. R.E. Roark Companies, Inc. green
ohio · 1993
12013–2013
Plummer v. Harris green
ca6 · 1981
12012–2012
Leib v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith green
mied · 1978
12012–2012
Perlberg v. Perlberg green
ohio · 1969
12012–2012
Cohen v. Estate of Cohen green
ohio · 1986
12012–2012
Brumm v. McDonald & Co. Securities, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 1992
12012–2012
State v. Stambaugh green
ohio · 1987
12010–2010
Mid-American Fire & Casualty Co. v. Heasley green
ohio · 2007
12010–2010
Stewart v. Stewart green
ohioctapp · 1999
12010–2010
League for Preservation of Civil Rights & Internal Tranquility v. Cincinnati green
ohioctapp · 1940
12010–2010
State v. McKelvey green
ohio · 1967
12008–2008
Kondrat v. Morris green
ohioctapp · 1997
12006–2006

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.09 (9)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 277 (1999–2026) NY 167 (1998–2026) CA 89 (1990–2026) DE 75 (1996–2026) IL 67 (1991–2025) OH 45 (1999–2026) NC 40 (1989–2026) GA 25 (1989–2026) PA 25 (1986–2024) WA 22 (2000–2026) CO 21 (1987–2026) FL 16 (1984–2026) UT 15 (2010–2025) MA 13 (1996–2026) SC 13 (2004–2025) MO 13 (1990–2024) MD 12 (1991–2022) MI 11 (2002–2025) AL 11 (1987–2018) WI 11 (2005–2025) ME 11 (2002–2023) LA 10 (1988–2022) KY 10 (2013–2025) NJ 9 (2002–2026) IN 9 (2001–2025) VA 9 (1996–2026) AZ 8 (1999–2023) IA 8 (2000–2023) CT 8 (1998–2025) DC 8 (1992–2025) OR 8 (1979–2015) MN 7 (1999–2024) MS 6 (2001–2009) ID 6 (1992–2026) NM 5 (1997–2018) WV 5 (2018–2023) KS 5 (1992–2026) ND 4 (2004–2010) RI 4 (2003–2019) OK 3 (2009–2017) SD 2 (2009–2014) AK 2 (2010–2019) NV 2 (2010–2024) HI 2 (2025–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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