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3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 34 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Johnson v. Newburgh Enlarged School District.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johnson v. Newburgh Enlarged School District Anchor | green | “if either (a) the defendant's action did not violate clearly established law, or (b) it was objectively reasonable for the defendant to believe that his action did not violate such law.” | 16 |
| 2 | Doninger v. Niehoff | green | “whether (1) it was defined with reasonable clarity, (2) the supreme court or the second circuit has confirmed the existence of the right, and (3) a reasonable defendant would have understood that his conduct was unlawful.” | 13 |
| 3 | Lynch v. Ackley | green | “defendant's entitlement to qualified immunity . . . 'at the earliest possible stage in litigation.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.