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5 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 33 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Steven A. Wolotsky v. Ralph Huhn Jerome T. Kraker and Portage Path Community Mental Health Center.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Steven A. Wolotsky v. Ralph Huhn Jerome T. Kraker and Portage Path Community Mental Health Center Anchor | green | “the action of a private party constitutes state action when there is a sufficiently close nexus between the state and the challenged action of the regulated entity so that the action of the latter may be fairly treated as that of the state itself.” | 13 |
| 2 | Kenneth D. Lansing v. City of Memphis Memphis Park Commission, Memphis in May International Festival, Inc. | green | “a private entity can be held to constitutional standards when its actions so approximate state action that they may be fairly attributed to the state.” | 6 |
| 3 | Kenneth D. Lansing v. City of Memphis Memphis Park Commission, Memphis in May International Festival, Inc. | green | “(1) the public function test; (2) the state compulsion test; and (3) the symbiotic relationship or nexus test.” | 6 |
| 4 | Kenneth D. Lansing v. City of Memphis Memphis Park Commission, Memphis in May International Festival, Inc. | green | “however, a private entity can be held to constitutional standards when its actions so approximate state action that they may be fairly attributed to the state.” | 5 |
| 5 | Wilder v. Hall | green | “generally, a section 1983 action will not lie against a private individual.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.