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5 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 32 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Commonwealth v. Baldwin.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commonwealth v. Baldwin Anchor | green | “prohibits merger unless two distinct facts are present: 1) the crimes arise from a single criminal act; and 2) all of the statutory elements of one of the offenses are included in the statutory elements of the other.” | 12 |
| 2 | Commonwealth v. Baldwin | green | “all of the statutory elements of one of the offenses are included in the statutory elements of the other.” | 6 |
| 3 | Commonwealth v. Baldwin | green | “1) the crimes arise from a single criminal act; and 2) all of the statutory elements of one of the offenses are included in the statutory elements of the other.” | 5 |
| 4 | Commonwealth v. Quintua | green | “our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” | 5 |
| 5 | Commonwealth v. Jones | green | “evaluate the statutory elements of each crime, with an eye to the specific allegations leveled in the case.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.