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7 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 28 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from New Era Publications International, Aps, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Carol Publishing Group, Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New Era Publications International, Aps, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Carol Publishing Group, Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee Anchor | green | “comfortably within' the statutory categories 'of uses illustrative of uses that can be fair.” | 4 |
| 2 | Ellen Wright v. Warner Books, Inc. And Margaret Walker, Also Known as Margaret Walker Alexander | green | “the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies ... for purposes such as ... scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.” | 4 |
| 3 | Twin Peaks Productions, Inc. v. Publications International, Ltd. | green | “filled a market niche that the copyright owner simply had no interest in occupying” | 4 |
| 4 | Twin Peaks Productions, Inc. v. Publications International, Ltd. | green | “tempers the protection of copyright by allowing ... the use of a limited amount of copyrighted material under some circumstances.” | 4 |
| 5 | American Geophysical Union v. Texaco Inc. | green | “to the extent the copying practice was 'reasonable' in 1973 when williams wilkins was decided, it has ceased to be 'reasonable' as the reasons that justified it before photocopying licensing have ceased to exist.” | 4 |
| 6 | American Geophysical Union v. Texaco Inc. | green | “are created for publication with the purpose and intention of benefiting from the protection of the copyright law,” | 4 |
| 7 | American Geophysical Union v. Texaco Inc. | green | “effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.