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2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 27 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Brown v. Gobble.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brown v. Gobble Anchor | green | “clear and convincing' is the measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the factfinder a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be established.” | 17 |
| 2 | Cramer v. West Virginia Department of Highways | neutral | “intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as is required beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal cases.” | 10 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.