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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 26 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Commonwealth v. Fitzpatrick.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commonwealth v. Fitzpatrick Anchor | green | “observes unusual conduct which leads him to reasonably conclude, in light of his experience, that criminal activity may be afoot.” | 12 |
| 2 | In Re OJ | green | “roadside encounters, between police and suspects are especially hazardous, and that danger may arise from the possible presence of weapons in the area surrounding a suspect.” | 8 |
| 3 | Commonwealth v. Shelly | green | “we cannot evaluate the totality of the circumstances through the grudging eyes of hindsight nor in terms of library analysis, but as understood by those versed in the field of law enforcement.” | 3 |
| 4 | Commonwealth v. Shelly | green | “reasonable, articulable suspicion” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.