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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 25 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Laura Skop v. City of Atlanta, Georgia.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laura Skop v. City of Atlanta, Georgia Anchor | green | “must be found to have itself caused the constitutional violation at issue; it cannot be found liable on a vicarious liability theory.” | 9 |
| 2 | Melanie Lydia Dacosta v. Stanislaus Nwachukwa | green | “only the most egregious official conduct can be said to be arbitrary in the constitutional sense.” | 6 |
| 3 | Davis v. Carter | green | “to rise to the conscience-shocking level, conduct most likely must be 'intended to injure in some way unjustifiable by any government interest.” | 6 |
| 4 | Davis v. Carter | green | “act willfully or maliciously with an intent to injure” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.