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6 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 25 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Tommy Ray Higdon.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Tommy Ray Higdon Anchor | green | “the general rule in this circuit is that a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel cannot be resolved on direct appeal when the claim has not been raised before the district court since no opportunity existed to develop the record on the merits of the allegations.” | 7 |
| 2 | Frederick Kirkpatrick, Etc. v. Frank Blackburn, Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary, Respondents | green | “if proof of one element is lacking, the court need not examine the other.” | 6 |
| 3 | United States v. Troy W. Vaden | green | “an aider and abettor is liable for criminal acts that are the 'natural or probable consequence of the crime' that he counseled, commanded or otherwise encouraged.” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Ronald Keiser, Jr. | green | “a defendant could, for example, successfully assert a claim of self-defense against an avowed pacifist, so long as the jury agrees that the defendant reasonably believed unlawful force was about to be used against him.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Ronald Keiser, Jr. | green | “claim of self-defense against an avowed pacifist, so long as the jury agrees that the defendant reasonably believed unlawful force was about to be used against him.” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Ronald Keiser, Jr. | green | “under the federal rules of evidence, only reputation or opinion evidence is proper to show that the victim of an assault had a propensity toward violence.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.