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2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from John Eric Thomas, and Wife, Heather Thomas v. City of Chattanooga, Tennessee.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Eric Thomas, and Wife, Heather Thomas v. City of Chattanooga, Tennessee Anchor | green | “to prevail in a 1983 suit against a municipality, a plaintiff must show that the alleged federal right violation occurred because of a municipal policy or custom.” | 18 |
| 2 | Lamar Wright v. City of Euclid | green | “(1) the existence of an illegal official policy or legislative enactment; (2) that an official with final decision making authority ratified illegal actions; (3) the existence of a policy of inadequate training or supervision; or (4) the existence of a custom of tolerance or acq…” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.