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4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 23 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Freddy Green v. Elixir Industries.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freddy Green v. Elixir Industries Anchor | green | “failure to satisfy rule 9(b) is a ground for dismissal of a complaint.” | 12 |
| 2 | Edward J. Goodman Life Income Trust v. Jabil Circuit, Inc. | green | “scienter consists of intent to defraud or severe recklessness on the part of the defendant.” | 4 |
| 3 | Rudolph v. Arthur Andersen & Co. | green | “where a defendant's failure to speak would render the defendant's own prior speech misleading or deceptive, a duty to disclose arises.” | 4 |
| 4 | Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 96,189 First Virginia Bankshares v. Alan Benson | green | “a defendant may not deal in half-truths.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.