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6 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 23 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Pelaez v. Seide.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pelaez v. Seide Anchor | green | “to form a special relationship through breach of a statutory duty, the governing statute must authorize a private right of action” | 8 |
| 2 | Sebastian v. State of NY | green | “activities essentially substitute for or supplement traditionally private enterprises” | 4 |
| 3 | Sebastian v. State of NY | green | “traditionally private enterprises” | 3 |
| 4 | Sebastian v. State of NY | green | “essentially substitute for or supplement 'traditionally private enterprises” | 3 |
| 5 | Steering Committee v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey | green | “the determination of the primary capacity under which a governmental agency was acting turns solely on the acts or omissions claimed to have caused the injury” | 3 |
| 6 | Steering Committee v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey | green | “in light of the fact that the varied functions of a governmental entity can be interspersed with both governmental and proprietary elements, the determination of the primary capacity under which a governmental agency was acting turns solely on the acts or omissions claimed to ha…” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.