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7 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 20 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Bailey v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bailey v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. Anchor | green | “in other words, excess insurance contracts do not respond to losses unless and until there has been full and proper exhaustion of primary insurance, sirs, and underlying excess insurance.” | 3 |
| 2 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. | green | “while insurance contracts have special features, they are still contracts to which the ordinary rules of contractual interpretation apply.” | 3 |
| 3 | American Alternative Insurance v. Superior Court | green | “a policy provision is ambiguous when it is capable of two or more constructions, both of which are reasonable.” | 3 |
| 4 | Wells Fargo Bank v. California Insurance Guarantee Ass'n | green | “coverage is the totality of risks contained in a contract whereby an insurer undertakes to indemnify another against loss, damage, or liability arising from a contingent or unknown event.” | 3 |
| 5 | Qualcomm, Inc. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London | green | “a 'following form' policy incorporates the terms and conditions of another carrier's policy and provides the same scope of coverage as the underlying policy.” | 3 |
| 6 | George v. Automobile Club of Southern California | green | “is the maximum amount the insurer is obligated to pay in contract benefits on a covered loss.” | 3 |
| 7 | Coca Cola Bottling Co. v. Columbia Casualty Insurance | green | “umbrella' excess policies 'provide coverage in addition to that provided by the underlying insurance.' 'because umbrella policies provide coverage for certain losses for which there may be no underlying insurance, they typically also provide for a self-insured retention, often r…” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.