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6 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 19 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Brown.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Brown Anchor | green | “substantially less culpable than the average participant.” | 4 |
| 2 | United States v. Morris | green | “conduct of others in furtherance of the execution of the jointly-undertaken criminal activity that was reasonably foreseeable by the defendant i.e., burton.” | 3 |
| 3 | United States v. McKinney | green | “the fact that the jury acquitted some defendants on some counts supports the conclusion that the jury sorted through the evidence and considered each count separately.” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Brown | green | “a downward adjustment under 3b1.2 is generally appropriate only where a defendant was substantially less culpable than the average participant.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Payne | green | “to prove possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant's possession of the illegal substance, knowledge, and intent to distribute.” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Phillip Duane Tremelling | green | “the defendant's participation must be enough less so that he at best was peripheral to the advancement of the illicit activity.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.