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6 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 19 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Trupia v. Lake George Central School District.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trupia v. Lake George Central School District Anchor | green | “must be closely circumscribed if it is not seriously to undermine and displace the principles of comparative causation” | 5 |
| 2 | Bukowski v. Clarkson University | green | “encompasses risks involving less than optimal conditions” | 4 |
| 3 | Custodi v. Town of Amherst | green | “participants are not deemed to have assumed risks resulting from the reckless or intentional conduct of others, or risks that are concealed or unreasonably enhanced” | 3 |
| 4 | Custodi v. Town of Amherst | green | “personal injury claims arising from sporting events, sponsored athletic and recreative activities, or athletic and recreational pursuits that take place at designated venues” | 3 |
| 5 | Trupia v. Lake George Central School District | green | “possess enormous social value, even while they involve significantly heightened risks” | 2 |
| 6 | Trupia v. Lake George Central School District | green | “we have not applied the doctrine outside of this limited context and it is clear that its application must be closely circumscribed if it is not seriously to undermine and displace the principles of comparative causation” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.