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3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 18 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Cartwright v. Marine City.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cartwright v. Marine City Anchor | green | “failure to act is not an affirmative act under the state-created danger theory.” | 11 |
| 2 | Cartwright v. Marine City | green | “the question is not whether the victim was safer during the state action, but whether she was safer before the state action than she was after it.” | 5 |
| 3 | Sargi v. Kent City Board Of Education | green | “there is no evidence that the officers took any affirmative action that exposed decedent to any danger to which she was not already exposed.” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.