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3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 17 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Smith v. City of Allentown.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smith v. City of Allentown Anchor | green | “to identify a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for the adverse employment action.” | 8 |
| 2 | Joseph J. Tomasso v. The Boeing Company | green | “at this stage, 'the defendant need not prove that the articulated reason actually motivated its conduct.” | 6 |
| 3 | David Palmer v. Britton Industries Inc. | green | “the federal age discrimination in employment act prohibits employers from taking adverse action against an employee who is at least 40 years old, 29 u.s.c. 631 (a), 'because of such individual's age.' 29 u.s.c. 623 (a).” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.