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4 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 112 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Preston v. Murty.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Preston v. Murty Anchor | green | “(1) that state of mind under which a person's conduct is characterized by hatred, ill will or a spirit of revenge, or (2) a conscious disregard for the rights and safety of other persons that has a great probability of causing substantial harm.” | 57 |
| 2 | Preston v. Murty | green | “actual malice, necessary for an award of punitive damages, is (1) that state of mind under which a person's conduct is characterized by hatred, ill will or a spirit of revenge, or (2) a conscious disregard for the rights and safety of other persons that has a great probability o…” | 30 |
| 3 | Preston v. Murty | green | “a conscious disregard for the rights and safety of other persons that has a great probability of causing substantial harm.” | 21 |
| 4 | MacNeill v. Wyatt | green | “may include intoxication and deliberate actions to flee the scene or evade responsibility.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.