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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 111 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hernandez v. Commissioner.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hernandez v. Commissioner Anchor | green | “it is not within the judicial ken to question the centrality of particular beliefs or practices to a faith, or the validity of particular litigants' interpretations of those creeds.” | 61 |
| 2 | Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division | green | “courts are not arbiters of scriptural interpretation.” | 25 |
| 3 | Hernandez v. Commissioner | green | “the free exercise inquiry asks whether government has placed a substantial burden on the observation of a central religious belief or practice and, if so, whether a compelling governmental interest justifies the burden.” | 16 |
| 4 | Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California | green | “our cases have established that 'the free exercise inquiry asks whether government has placed a substantial burden on the observation of a central religious belief or practice and, if so, whether a compelling governmental interest justifies the burden.” | 9 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.