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5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 98 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Havner.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Havner Anchor | green | “evidence concerning specific causation in toxic tort cases is admissible only as a follow-up to admissible general-causation evidence.” | 49 |
| 2 | United States v. Fullwood | green | “to be admissible under rule 702, the court must find that the evidence is both relevant and reliable.” | 25 |
| 3 | Wright v. Willamette Industries, Inc. | green | “while courts 'do not require a mathematically precise table equating levels of exposure with levels of harm . . . there must be evidence from which a reasonable person could conclude that a defendant's emission has probably caused a particular plaintiff the kind of harm of which…” | 11 |
| 4 | John Brown v. Natl Railroad Passenger Corp. | green | “employs in the courtroom the same level of intellectual rigor that characterizes the practice of an expert in the relevant field.” | 8 |
| 5 | Well v. Moran Bros. | neutral | “whether the estimated dose was sufficient to explain observed clinical effects known to be associated with the agent in question” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.