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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 90 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Roper v. Simmons.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roper v. Simmons Anchor | green | “the eighth and fourteenth amendments forbid imposition of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed.” | 55 |
| 2 | Penry v. Lynaugh | red | “rules prohibiting a certain category of punishment for a class of defendants because of their status or offense.” | 16 |
| 3 | MacKey v. United States | green | “there is little societal interest in permitting the criminal process to rest at a point where it ought properly never to repose.” | 10 |
| 4 | Penry v. Lynaugh | red | “prohibits a certain category of punishment for a class of defendants because of their status or offense.” | 9 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.