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2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 8 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit Anchor | green | “questions of law or fact common to the class.” | 4 |
| 2 | Ardrey v. Federal Kemper Insurance | green | “inefficient, costly, time-consuming, and probably confusing.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.