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14 canonical passages across 11 cases, quoted by 472 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley Ex Rel. Rowley.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley Ex Rel. Rowley Anchor | green | “reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefits.” | 248 |
| 2 | Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley Ex Rel. Rowley | green | “substitute their own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities which they review.” | 56 |
| 3 | Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley Ex Rel. Rowley | green | “free appropriate public education” | 49 |
| 4 | Schaffer Ex Rel. Schaffer v. Weast | green | “the burden of proof in an administrative hearing challenging an iep is properly placed upon the party seeking relief.” | 30 |
| 5 | Reid Ex Rel. Reid v. District of Columbia | green | “less deference than is conventional in administrative proceedings,” | 21 |
| 6 | Reid Ex Rel. Reid v. District of Columbia | green | “if no suitable public school is available, the school system must pay the costs of sending the child to an appropriate private school.” | 17 |
| 7 | School Committee of the Town of Burlington v. Department of Education | green | “grant such relief as the court determines is appropriate.” | 15 |
| 8 | Roark Ex Rel. Roark v. District of Columbia | green | “factual findings from the administrative proceedings are to be considered prima facie correct.” | 8 |
| 9 | T.R. E.M.R., on Behalf of Their Minor Child, N.R. v. Kingwood Township Board of Education, Hunterdon Co., New Jersey | green | “(1) the steps the school district has taken to accommodate the child in a regular classroom; (2) the child's ability to receive an educational benefit from regular education; and (3) the effect the disabled child's presence has on the regular classroom.” | 7 |
| 10 | S.S. Ex Rel. Shank v. Howard Road Academy | green | “may not substitute its own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities.” | 7 |
| 11 | Brandon Leonard, by His Parents and Next Friends, Thomas & Mary Leonard v. Floretta McKenzie Superintendent, D.C. Public Schools | green | “the iep is in brief a comprehensive statement of the educational needs of a handicapped child and the specially designed instruction and related services to be employed to meet those needs.” | 4 |
| 12 | Harris v. District of Columbia | green | “is the iep, which the idea mandates for each child.” | 4 |
| 13 | Alexander Kerkam, a Minor/by His Father James Kerkam v. Superintendent, D.C. Public Schools | green | “consideration of additional evidence, the court may determine that the 'appropriate' relief is a remand to the hearing officer for further proceedings.” | 3 |
| 14 | Anthony v. District of Columbia | green | “in formulating a new compensatory education award, the hearing officer must determine 'what services the student needs to elevate him to the position he would have occupied absent the school district's failures.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.