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6 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 50 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Toby J. Espinoza v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toby J. Espinoza v. United States Anchor | green | “if the plaintiff fails to show good cause, the district court must still consider whether a permissive extension of time may be warranted.” | 20 |
| 2 | Womble v. Salt Lake City Corp. | green | “employ a two-step analysis for dismissal pursuant to rule 4(m).” | 8 |
| 3 | Ronald Despain, and Jamilyn Mellen v. Salt Lake Area Metro Gang Unit Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Robert Swehla | green | “should be read narrowly to protect only those plaintiffs who have been meticulous in their efforts to comply with the rule.” | 7 |
| 4 | Ronald Despain, and Jamilyn Mellen v. Salt Lake Area Metro Gang Unit Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Robert Swehla | green | “the good cause provision of rule 4(m) should be read narrowly to protect only those plaintiffs who have been meticulous in their efforts to comply with the rule.” | 7 |
| 5 | Ronald Despain, and Jamilyn Mellen v. Salt Lake Area Metro Gang Unit Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Robert Swehla | green | “the absence of prejudice to the defendants, by itself, does not equate to good cause on the part of the plaintiffs.” | 5 |
| 6 | Estate of Goodwin by and through Alvarado v. Connell | green | “including the complex requirements of multiple service, the plaintiff's pro se status, the statute of limitations, the danger of prejudice to the defendant, and the length of the delay.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.