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8 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 50 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Shambach v. Bickhart.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shambach v. Bickhart Anchor | green | “longstanding and overriding policy in this commonwealth to protect the elective franchise.” | 8 |
| 2 | Shambach v. Bickhart | green | “ballots containing mere minor irregularities should only be stricken for compelling reasons,” | 6 |
| 3 | In Re Reading School Board Election | neutral | “to determine whether the findings are supported by competent evidence and to correct any conclusions of law erroneously made.” | 6 |
| 4 | Wieskerger Appeal | green | “any ballot that is marked in blue, black or blue-black ink ... shall be valid and counted.” | 6 |
| 5 | Bauman Election Contest Case | green | “the power to throw out a ballot for minor irregularities ... must be exercised very sparingly and with the idea in mind that either an individual voter or a group of voters are not to be disfranchised at an election except for compelling reasons.” | 6 |
| 6 | JPay, Inc. v. Department of Corrections | green | “while both mandatory and directory provisions of the legislature are meant to be followed, the difference between a mandatory and directory provision is the consequence for non-compliance: a failure to j-118a-2020, j-118b-2020, j-118c-2020, j-118d-2020, j-118e-2020 and j-118f- 2…” | 6 |
| 7 | Commonwealth ex rel. Bell v. Powell | green | “it would not perhaps be easy to lay down any general rule as to when the provisions of a statute are merely directory, and when mandatory and imperative.” | 6 |
| 8 | Ross Nomination Petition | green | “the election code must be liberally construed so as not to deprive ... the voters of their right to elect a candidate of their choice.” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.