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5 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 6,284 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Erickson v. Pardus.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Erickson v. Pardus Anchor | green | “a document filed pro se is to be liberally construed, and a pro se complaint, however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” | 2,226 |
| 2 | Erickson v. Pardus | green | “however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” | 1,368 |
| 3 | Erickson v. Pardus | green | “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” | 1,333 |
| 4 | Mhammad Abu-Shawish v. United States | green | “the usual standard in civil cases is to allow defective pleadings to be corrected, especially in early stages, at least where amendment would not be futile.” | 1,003 |
| 5 | Swanson v. Citibank, N.A. | green | “a plaintiff must do better than putting a few words on paper that, in the hands of an imaginative reader, might suggest that something has happened to her that might be redressed by the law.” | 354 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.