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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 44 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Terrance Shelton.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Terrance Shelton Anchor | green | “a district court does not err by relying on prior convictions to enhance a defendant's sentence.” | 25 |
| 2 | United States v. Emanuel Marseille | green | “in almendarez-torres v. united states, the supreme court held that the government need not allege in its indictment and need not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant had prior convictions for a district court to use those convictions for purposes of enhancing a sente…” | 8 |
| 3 | United States v. Hernandez | green | “to find harmless error, we must determine that the error did not affect the substantial rights of the parties.” | 6 |
| 4 | United States v. Emanuel Marseille | green | “does not take such fact-finding out of the hands of the courts.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.