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7 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 39 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ronald Y. Chuang and Linda Chuang v. University of California Davis, Board of Trustees and Fitz-Roy Curry.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ronald Y. Chuang and Linda Chuang v. University of California Davis, Board of Trustees and Fitz-Roy Curry Anchor | green | “the burden of production, but not persuasion, then shifts to the employer to articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the challenged action.” | 16 |
| 2 | Anthoine v. North Central Counties Consortium | green | “whether an adverse employment action is intended to be retaliatory is a question of fact that must be decided in the light of the timing and the surrounding circumstances.” | 4 |
| 3 | National Labor Relations Board v. Howard Electric Company | green | “the employer can defend affirmatively by showing that the termination would have occurred regardless of the protected activity.” | 4 |
| 4 | Lynn Noyes v. Kelly Services, a Corporation | green | “introduce evidence sufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact” | 4 |
| 5 | You v. Longs Drugs Stores California, LLC | green | “there is no 'bright line' rule providing that any particular period is always too long or always short enough to support an inference.” | 4 |
| 6 | Salsbury Industries v. United States | green | “the burden of negating causation is on the employer.” | 4 |
| 7 | Tagupa v. VIPdesk, Inc. | green | “although an employee may always present direct evidence of motive, proximity in time is one type of circumstantial evidence that is sufficient on its own to meet the plaintiff's burden.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.