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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 38 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Beggerly.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Beggerly Anchor | green | “an independent action should be available only to prevent a grave miscarriage of justice.” | 18 |
| 2 | United States v. Beggerly | green | “available only to prevent a grave miscarriage of justice.” | 14 |
| 3 | Rafael Garcia v. City of Chicago, Illinois, Anna Gall, County of Cook | green | “district court does not abuse its discretion in denying leave to amend if the proposed repleading would be futile.” | 3 |
| 4 | Sonia Ingram v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | green | “hard and fast rule as to how much time is reasonable” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.