14 C.F.R. § 61.125

Aeronautical knowledge

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(a) General. A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor, or complete a home-study course, on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b) Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;

(2) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;

(3) Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;

(4) Meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations, windshear recognition and avoidance, and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;

(5) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;

(6) Weight and balance computations;

(7) Use of performance charts;

(8) Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations;

(9) Use of aeronautical charts and a magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning;

(10) Use of air navigation facilities;

(11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment;

(12) Principles and functions of aircraft systems;

(13) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft;

(14) Night and high-altitude operations;

(15) Procedures for operating within the National Airspace System; and

(16) Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-air ratings.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 3 cases, 1982–1997 · leading case: Thompson v. Summers, 1997 SD 103 (S.D. 1997).

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Thompson v. Summers, 1997 SD 103 (S.D. 1997). · cites it 2× “125 (e)(5), which requires applicants for a commercial certificate for piloting balloons to have knowledge in Operating principles and procedures for free balloons, including emergency procedures such as crowd control and protection, high wind and water landings, and operations…”

Mason v. Comm'r, 44 T.C.M. 365 (Tax Ct. 1982). · cites it 2× “It is clear that the duties, responsibilities, and licensing requirements for a pilot are different from those of a flight engineer, and that a flight engineer is in a different trade or business than that of a pilot.”

Forrest v. Comm'r, 45 T.C.M. 1156 (Tax Ct. 1983). · cites it 2× “Very recently this Court stated in the Mason case, supra: It is clear that the duties, responsibilities, and licensing requirements for a pilot are different from those of a flight engineer and that a flight engineer is in a different trade or business than that of a pilot.”

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