19 C.F.R. § 101.1

Definitions

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As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless either the context in which they are used requires a different meaning or a different definition is prescribed for a particular part or portion thereof:

Business day. A “business day” means a weekday (Monday through Friday), excluding national holidays as specified in § 101.6(a).

CBP. The term “CBP” means U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Center director. The term “Center director” means the person who manages their designated Center and is responsible for certain trade decisions and functions concerning that Center and the importers that are processed by that Center.

Centers of Excellence and Expertise or Centers. The terms “Centers of Excellence and Expertise” or “Centers” refer to national CBP offices that are responsible for performing certain trade functions and making certain determinations as set forth in particular regulatory provisions regarding importations by importers that are considered by CBP to be in the industry sector, regardless of the ports of entry at which the importations occur. Industry sectors are categorized by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) numbers representing an industry sector. The list of HTSUS numbers will be published in a Federal Register document and any change made to that list will be announced in a subsequent Federal Register document.

Commissioner or Commissioner of Customs. The terms “Commissioner” or “Commissioner of Customs” mean Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Customs or U.S. Customs Service. The terms “Customs” or “U.S. Customs Service” mean U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Customs regulations or CBP regulations. The terms “Customs regulations” or “CBP regulations” mean chapter 1 of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR chapter 1).

Customs station. A “Customs station” is any place, other than a port of entry, at which Customs officers or employees are stationed, under the authority contained in article IX of the President's Message of March 3, 1913 (T.D. 33249), to enter and clear vessels, accept entries of merchandise, collect duties, and enforce the various provisions of the Customs and navigation laws of the United States.

Customs territory of the United States. “Customs territory of the United States” includes only the States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

Date of entry. The “date of entry” or “time of entry” of imported merchandise shall be the effective time of entry of such merchandise, as defined in § 141.68 of this chapter.

Date of exportation. “Date of exportation” or “time of exportation” shall be as defined in § 152.1(c) of this chapter.

Date of importation. “Date of importation” means, in the case of merchandise imported otherwise than by vessel, the date on which the merchandise arrives within the Customs territory of the United States. In the case of merchandise imported by vessel, “date of importation” means the date on which the vessel arrives within the limits of a port in the United States with intent then and there to unlade such merchandise.

Duties. “Duties” means Customs duties and any internal revenue taxes which attach upon importation.

Entry or withdrawal for consumption. “Entry or withdrawal for consumption” means entry for consumption or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption.

Exportation. “Exportation” means a severance of goods from the mass of things belonging to this country with the intention of uniting them to the mass of things belonging to some foreign country. The shipment of merchandise abroad with the intention of returning it to the United States with a design to circumvent provisions of restriction or limitation in the tariff laws or to secure a benefit accruing to imported merchandise is not an exportation. Merchandise of foreign origin returned from abroad under these circumstances is dutiable according to its nature, weight, and value at the time of its original arrival in this country.

Importer. “Importer” means the person primarily liable for the payment of any duties on the merchandise, or an authorized agent acting on his behalf. The importer may be:

(1) The consignee, or

(2) The importer of record, or

(3) The actual owner of the merchandise, if an actual owner's declaration and superseding bond has been filed in accordance with § 141.20 of this chapter, or

(4) The transferee of the merchandise, if the right to withdraw merchandise in a bonded warehouse has been transferred in accordance with subpart C of part 144 of this chapter.

Port and port of entry. The terms “port” and “port of entry” refer to any place designated by Executive Order of the President, by order of the Secretary of the Treasury, or by Act of Congress, at which a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) officer is authorized to accept entries of merchandise to collect duties, and to enforce the various provisions of the customs and navigation laws. The terms “port” and “port of entry” incorporate the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a port director. (The customs ports in the Virgin Islands, although under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Treasury, have their own customs laws (48 U.S.C. 1406(i)). These ports, therefore, are outside the customs territory of the United States and the ports thereof are not “ports of entry” within the meaning of these regulations).

Port director. The term “port director” means the person who has jurisdiction within the geographical boundaries of their port of entry unless the regulations provide that particular trade functions or determinations are exclusively within the purview of a Center Director or other CBP personnel.

Principal field officer. A “principal field officer” is an officer in the field service whose immediate supervisor is located at Customs Service Headquarters.

Service port. The term “service port” refers to a Customs location having a full range of cargo processing functions, including inspections, entry, collections, and verification.

Shipment. “Shipment” means the merchandise described on the bill of lading or other document used to file or support entry, or in the oral declaration when applicable.

[T.D. 77-241, 42 FR 54937, Oct. 12, 1977, as amended by T.D. 84-213, 49 FR 41170, Oct. 19, 1984; 49 FR 44867, Nov. 9, 1984; T.D. 94-51, 59 FR 30294, June 13, 1994; T.D. 95-77, 60 FR 50011, Sept. 27, 1995; T.D. 99-57, 64 FR 40987, July 28, 1999; CBP Dec. 15-15, 80 FR 70162, Nov. 13, 2015; CBP Dec. 16-26, 81 FR 93016, Dec. 20, 2016]

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 27 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1981–2025 · leading case: United States v. Mead Corp., 533 U.S. 218 (2001).

Sort: Relevance Newest Treatment

United States v. Mead Corp., 533 U.S. 218 (2001). · cites it 2× “" [4] Brief for Customs and International Trade Bar Association as Amicus Curiae 5 (CITBA Brief).”

One World Techs., Inc. v. United States, 380 F. Supp. 3d 1300 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2019). · cites it 9× “Second, Plaintiff argues that for "importation of goods" for subsection (h) jurisdiction, that date is determined either by: (1) the date of detention or presentment, or (2) the definition of "date of importation" under 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 . Hr'g. Tr. 50:6-10, Feb.”

Procopio v. Wilkie, 913 F.3d 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2019). “, 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 , and the "customs territory of the United States" is limited to the States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and does not include other sovereign territory of the United States, see Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, General Note 2.”

Sanchez v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 643 (9th Cir. 2017). “4 ; 19 C.F.R. §§ 101.1 , 101.3. Nor is there any evidence in the record that Sanchez's boat entered United States territorial waters from international waters.”

Luis Sanchez v. Jefferson Sessions, 870 F.3d 901 (9th Cir. 2017). · cites it 2× “4 and 19 C.F.R. §§ 101.1 , 101.3 (defining Port Hueneme as a United States port of entry).”

Detroit Zoological Soc'y v. United States, 630 F. Supp. 1350 (Ct. Intl. Trade 1986). · cites it 2× “19 C.F.R. § 101.1 (k) defines "importer” as follows: (k) Importer.”

United States v. Rafael Aldana, 878 F.3d 877 (9th Cir. 2017). “See 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 . 7 . .Appellants also argue that even if the common meaning of the term “port of entry” is a port facility, the INS intended to give the term a specialized meaning, because § 100.”

S. J. Stile Assocs. Ltd. v. Snyder, 68 C.C.P.A. 27 (C.C.P.A. 1981). “Airport (JFK), New York Seaport (Seaport) and Newark [19 CFR 101.1(a), 101.3(b)]. Each area has a customhouse located therein for transaction of Customs business.”

United States v. Jaime Uricoechea-Casallas, 946 F.2d 162 (1st Cir. 1991). “” 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 (e). Neither the Regulations nor common sense support the conclusion that containers located within those geographic areas are not “in the Customs territory of the United States” merely because they are stored in an aircraft or other vehicle.”

United States v. Commodities Exp. Co., 733 F. Supp. 109 (Ct. Intl. Trade 1990). · cites it 3× “19 C.F.R. § 101.1 (h) (1989). If it arrives by vessel, the merchandise is deemed imported on “the date on which the vessel arrives within the limits of a port in the United States with intent then and there to unlade such merchandise.”

Ramon Azurin Gregorio Araneta v. William Von Raab, in His Capacity as Comm'r of Customs of the United States Customs Serv., 803 F.2d 993 (9th Cir. 1986). “Azurin relies on 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 (1) (1985), which defines “importer” as the individual “primarily liable for the payment of any duties on the merchandise,” to support the assertion that ownership is relevant only insofar as it is necessary to determine who is liable for duty.”

Zojirushi Am. Corp. v. United States, 2016 CIT 78 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2016). “See 19 C.F.R. § 101.1 , In insisting either that a GSP claim be made at time of importation or the time of entry, defendant’s position seems at odds with the position taken in the Customs internal guidance document, “Guidance: Post-Importation Claims for Preferential Tariff…”

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— 19 C.F.R. § 101.1(a) — 1 case

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