(a) Organizational expenses. Section 709(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code defines organizational expenses as expenses which:
(1) Are incident to the creation of the partnership;
(2) Are chargeable to capital account; and
(3) Are of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership having an ascertainable life, would (but for section 709(a)) be amortized over such life.
An expenditure which fails to meet one or more of these three tests does not qualify as an organizational expense for purposes of section 709(b) and this section. To satisfy the statutory requirement described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the expense must be incurred during the period beginning at a point which is a reasonable time before the partnership begins business and ending with the date prescribed by law for filing the partnership return (determined without regard to any extensions of time) for the taxable year the partnership begins business. In addition, the expenses must be for creation of the partnership and not for operation or starting operation of the partnership trade or business. To satisfy the statutory requirement described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the expense must be for an item of a nature normally expected to benefit the partnership throughout the entire life of the partnership. The following are examples of organizational expenses within the meaning of section 709 and this section: Legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement; accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership; and filing fees. The following are examples of expenses that are not organizational expenses within the meaning of section 709 and this section (regardless of how the partnership characterizes them): Expenses connected with acquiring assets for the partnership or transferring assets to the partnership; expenses connected with the admission or removal of partners other than at the time the partnership is first organized; expenses connected with a contract relating to the operation of the partnership trade or business (even where the contract is between the partnership and one of its members); and syndication expenses.
(b) Syndication expenses. Syndication expenses are expenses connected with the issuing and marketing of interests in the partnership. Examples of syndication expenses are brokerage fees; registration fees; legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer (the general partner or the partnership) for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the prospectus or placement memorandum for securities law purposes; accounting fees for preparation of representations to be included in the offering materials; and printing costs of the prospectus, placement memorandum, and other selling and promotional material. These expenses are not subject to the election under section 709(b) and must be capitalized.
(c) Beginning business. The determination of the date a partnership begins business for purposes of section 709 presents a question of fact that must be determined in each case in light of all the circumstances of the particular case. Ordinarily, a partnership begins business when it starts the business operations for which it was organized. The mere signing of a partnership agreement is not alone sufficient to show the beginning of business.
If the activities of the partnership have advanced to the extent necessary to establish the nature of its business operations, it will be deemed to have begun business. Accordingly, the acquisition of operating assets which are necessary to the type of business contemplated may constitute beginning business for these purposes. The term operating assets, as used herein, means assets that are in a state of readiness to be placed in service within a reasonable period following their acquisition.
[T.D. 7891, 48 FR 20049, May 4, 1983]
Notes of Decisions
Cited in
14
cases, 1984–1998 · leading case:
Johnsen v. Comm'r, 83 T.C. 103 (Tax Ct. 1984).
Johnsen v. Comm'r, 83 T.C. 103 (Tax Ct. 1984).
· cites it 4× “Such regulations further provide that syndication expenses, including "legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer * * * for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the prospectus or placement memorandum for…”
Diamond v. Comm'r, 92 T.C. 423 (Tax Ct. 1989).
· cites it 4× “709-2(c), Income Tax Regs. , states that a partnership "begins business when it starts the business operation for which it was organized.”
Fmr Corp. v. Comm'r, 110 T.C. 402 (Tax Ct. 1998).
· cites it 4× “, provides the following examples of partnership organizational expenditures: Legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement; accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the…”
Egolf v. Comm'r, 87 T.C. 34 (Tax Ct. 1986).
· cites it 6× “The regulations promulgated under section 709 define organization expenses to include: "Legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement; accounting fees for services incident to the…”
Finoli v. Comm'r, 86 T.C. 697 (Tax Ct. 1986).
· cites it 2× “27 Syndication expenses, including "legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer * * * for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the prospectus or placement memorandum for securities law purposes" are not subject to…”
Donahue v. Comm'r, 61 T.C.M. 2460 (Tax Ct. 1991).
· cites it 2× “Section 709(b)(1) permits partnerships to amortize certain organization, but not syndication, fees which are incident to the creation of the partnership, chargeable to capital account, and of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership having an…”
Upham v. Comm'r, 57 T.C.M. 508 (Tax Ct. 1989).
· cites it 2× “Commissioner, 81 T.C. 210 (1983) . We find that the Partnership is not entitled to deduct any portion of the $ 20,000 legal fee paid to Arnold & Porter for its tax opinion as such payment must be capitalized as a syndication expense.”
Med. Mobility Ltd. P'ship I v. Comm'r, 66 T.C.M. 741 (Tax Ct. 1993).
· cites it 2× “, states that *475 a partnership 'begins business when it starts the business operation for which it was organized.”
Collins v. Comm'r, 53 T.C.M. 873 (Tax Ct. 1987).
· cites it 2× “The superficial inconsistency is due solely to respondent's failure to raise properly the issue of whether WV Coal's 1975 expenses are capital expenses.”
Fishman v. Comm'r, 51 T.C.M. 738 (Tax Ct. 1986).
· cites it 2× “, defines "[l]egal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement" as an example of an organizational expense within the meaning of section 709 .”
Double Bar Chain Co. v. Comm'r, 62 T.C.M. 1276 (Tax Ct. 1991).
· cites it 2× “The only expenditures that a partnership may amortize under this section are those that are incident to the creation of the *636 partnership, that are chargeable to the capital account, and that are of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership…”
Ball v. Comm'r, 56 T.C.M. 1289 (Tax Ct. 1989).
· cites it 6× “, and, therefore, we find that McKenna and Parker did not receive their interests in Weirton in return for rendering organization and syndication services.”
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