Distinguishing structural errors from discrete process defects
Also stated as: Distinguishing structural errors from trial process errors
The pages courts cite for it
- Cited for: Distinguishing structural errors from discrete process defects
- Cited for: Distinguishing structural errors from trial process errors
- Cited for: Analyzing structural defects in trial mechanism errors
- Cited for: Determining when trial errors are structural defects
- Cited for: Determining structural error versus trial error for review
- Cited for: Distinguishing trial errors from structural errors
- Cited for: Analyzing error types: trial versus structural error
- Cited for: Distinguishing structural errors from trial errors for relief
Ranked by how often federal courts cite each page. The bar is how citing opinions treated that page (green followed, yellow questioned or limited, red negative); a red or yellow chip is the case’s own overall treatment.
Federal opinions citing these pages
- United States v. Omar Banks, 29 F.4th 168 (4th Cir. 2022)
- United States v. Mitchell, 502 F.3d 931 (9th Cir. 2007)
- United States v. Vladimir Rodriguez, 406 F.3d 1261 (11th Cir. 2005)
- United States v. Francisco Curbelo, A/K/A Murando, United States of Am. v. Francisco Curbelo, A/K/A Murando, 343 F.3d 273 (4th Cir. 2003)
- United States v. Curbelo, No. 02-4194 (4th Cir. Sept. 11, 2003)
- United States v. Pearson, Eric, 203 F.3d 1243 (10th Cir. 2000)
- 99 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 692, 99 Daily Journal D.A.R. 867 Joe Leonard Lambright v. Terry L. Stewart, Dir., Arizona Dep't of Corr., Robert Douglas Smith v. Terry L. Stewart, Dir., Arizona Dep't of Corr., 167 F.3d 477 (9th Cir. 1999)
- Lambright v. Stewart, 167 F.3d 477 (9th Cir. 1999)
- Maxwell, No. 3:23-cv-23001 (D.N.J. Sept. 17, 2026)
- Frank William Bonan, II v. FDIC, No. 24-3296 (7th Cir. Aug. 12, 2026)
- Lightfoot v. Oak Bend Med Ctr, No. 26-20056 (5th Cir. Aug. 7, 2026)
- Boyle, No. 2:22-cv-01331 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 5, 2026)
- United States v. Alvin Beasley, 163 F.4th 403 (7th Cir. 2025)
- Westley, No. 4:21-cv-01672 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 3, 2025)
- Rivera-Carrasquillo, No. 3:21-cv-01198 (D.P.R. Nov. 7, 2025)
From the opinions citing the top pages above (up to 400 per page are read), most pages cited first, then newest.
Nearest issues
- 258 opinions
- 115 opinions
- 227 opinions
- 370 opinions
- 219 opinions
- 555 opinions
- 602 opinions
- 227 opinions
Filed under: Harmless and Plain Error Analysis
Where else it is alive
Opinions per jurisdiction citing these pages. A span that stops early can mean the doctrine was dropped there.
How this is built: each issue is a set of opinion pages that later courts cite for the same proposition, grouped from what the citing courts wrote. Names are machine-written from those citations; read the cases before relying on them. Search case law