Rule; Class; Commonality
45 issues with federal opinions1952–2026
- Analyzing predominance under rule 23(b)(3)1,133 opinions · 1970–2026
- Focus of typicality requirement under rule 23(a)(3)1,122 opinions · 1976–2026
- Requirements for class representative status under rule 231,093 opinions · 1968–2026
- Determining commonality under rule 23(a)(2)934 opinions · 1972–2026
- Establishing prerequisites for class action certification under rule 23896 opinions · 1975–2026
- Satisfying numerosity requirement for class action under Rule 23(a)863 opinions · 1964–2026
- Determining class action propriety under rule 23769 opinions · 1963–2026
- Determining typicality for class certification under rule 23(a)745 opinions · 1971–2026
- Distinguishing rule 23(e) from predominance inquiry707 opinions · 1980–2026
- Review of class action certification under rule 23(b)(2)692 opinions · 1968–2026
- Determining proper class representative membership under rule 23(a)646 opinions · 1973–2026
- Defining rule 11 standards and court discretion636 opinions · 1969–2026
- Defining the similarly situated standard for section 216(b) class actions624 opinions · 1964–2026
- Determining the standard of proof for rule 23 requirements615 opinions · 1967–2026
- Liberal interpretation of rule 23 for class action maintenance583 opinions · 1967–2026
- Analyzing commonality and typicality under rule 23583 opinions · 1975–2026
- Analyzing class action requirements under rule 23557 opinions · 1964–2026
- Applying rule 23 requirements to eec actions518 opinions · 1968–2026
- Determining class action maintainability and certification requirements499 opinions · 1968–2026
- Presumption of class numerosity under rule 23(a)(1)484 opinions · 1984–2026
- Interpreting rule 23 under article iii constraints483 opinions · 1963–2026
- Certifying class actions under rule 23 and statute462 opinions · 1977–2026
- Determining proper class status under rule 23456 opinions · 1967–2026
- Testing class cohesion under rule 23(b)(3) predominance426 opinions · 1971–2026
- Determining adequate class representation under rule 23(a)(4)422 opinions · 1964–2026
- Rule 23(b)(3) does not require classwide proof of every claim element394 opinions · 1962–2026
- Determining adequacy of representation under rule 23(a)(4)386 opinions · 1962–2026
- Determining class ascertainability under rule 23364 opinions · 2002–2026
- Defining indivisible nature of injunctive relief under rule 23(b)(2)353 opinions · 1979–2026
- Determining class certification under rule 23(b)(3) despite affirmative defenses342 opinions · 1971–2026
- Satisfying the typicality requirement under rule 23339 opinions · 1971–2026
- Determining plaintiff typicality under rule 23325 opinions · 1977–2026
- Defining impermissible fail-safe class under rule 23(a)307 opinions · 1986–2026
- Determining adequacy of class representatives under rule 23305 opinions · 1967–2026
- Establishing commonality under rule 23(a)(2)266 opinions · 1982–2026
- Determining impracticability of class joinder under rule 23(a)(1)232 opinions · 1973–2026
- Proving class ascertainability under rule 23228 opinions · 2015–2026
- Certifying class under rule 23 and adequacy of counsel217 opinions · 1994–2026
- Analyzing requirements for proper joinder under rule 20201 opinions · 1975–2026
- Facilitating civil rights actions under rule 23(b)(2)182 opinions · 1976–2026
- Satisfying rule 23(b)(2) for uniform relief146 opinions · 1952–2026
- Determining commonality in class actions under rule 23118 opinions · 1980–2026
- Bifurcation of issues under section 233B111 opinions · 1979–2026
- Considering state law variations in rule 23 predominance inquiry38 opinions · 2009–2026
Counts are federal courts’ opinions citing pages in each issue.
How this is built: each issue is a set of opinion pages that later courts cite for the same proposition, grouped from what the citing courts wrote. Names are machine-written from those citations; read the cases before relying on them. Search case law