Hawaii Revised Statutes

Haw. Rev. Stat. § 237-2 (2026)

  "Business", "engaging" in business, defined. 

✓ current as of July 2026
Find cases: SyfertCases citing this section HI-LEGcapitol.hawaii.gov JustiaTitle on Justia CornellLII Search CasesGoogle Scholar

     §237-2  "Business", "engaging" in business, defined.  As used in this chapter:

     "Business" includes all activities (personal, professional, or corporate) engaged in or caused to be engaged in with the object of gain or economic benefit either direct or indirect, but does not include casual sales.

     "Engaging", with reference to engaging or continuing in business, includes the exercise of corporate or franchise powers. [L 1935, c 141, pt of §1; RL 1945, §5443; RL 1955, §117-2; HRS §237-2; am L 2017, c 12, §49]

 

Attorney General Opinions

 

  Agreement of sale executed by a partnership dealing in land was not a "casual sale".  Att. Gen. Op. 62-1.

  Co-op apartment corporation operating and managing apartment building is engaged in business and is taxable on its receipts of monthly "maintenance" charges from stockholder-lessees.  Att. Gen. Op. 62-47.

  Application of excise tax to activities in foreign trade zone.  Att. Gen. Op. 64-52.

  Hawaii's general excise tax and use tax are not expressly preempted by the federal Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934, and Congress has not assumed exclusive regulatory powers in foreign-trade zones such that the State is preempted from imposing taxes on all activity within a foreign-trade zone.  Ultimately, whether a state tax can be applied to a particular activity within a foreign-trade zone depends on whether the tax conflicts with the purposes and objectives of the federal Act.  Att. Gen. Op. 21-01.

 

Case Notes

 

  "Casual sale" does not exclude unusual sales within taxpayer's business.  40 H. 722 (1955).

  Attorney's activities as trustee, executor and corporate director were not so isolated or unconnected as to constitute "casual" transactions.  53 H. 435, 496 P.2d 1 (1972).

  Engaging in activity with "object of gain or economic benefit" construed.  53 H. 435, 496 P.2d 1 (1972).

  Out-of-state company's continuing leasing of telecast rights performable only in Hawaii is "business" within this section, although agreement consummated outside of Hawaii.  57 H. 175, 554 P.2d 242 (1976).

  Nondomiciliary corporation investing capital in Hawaiian land held to be "engaging in business."  57 H. 436, 559 P.2d 264 (1977).

  Taxability of transactions between joint venture and its member.  59 H. 307, 582 P.2d 703 (1978).

  Where taxpayer gained or economically benefited from subleasing transactions, the director's assessment and imposition of the general excise tax for taxpayer's subleasing activities was proper.  110 H. 25, 129 P.3d 528 (2006).

  Taxpayer partnership's provision of medical equipment and ancillary services to its joint venture constituted "business" under this section and was thus made subject to the general excise tax by §237-20.  93 H. 267 (App.), 999 P.2d 865 (2000).

  Cited:  48 H. 486, 490, 405 P.2d 382 (1965).

 

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 13 cases, 1965–2019 · leading case: Tax Appeal of Subway Real Est. Corp. v. Dir. of Taxation, 129 P.3d 528 (Haw. 2006).
Tax Appeal of Subway Real Est. Corp. v. Dir. of Taxation, 129 P.3d 528 (Haw. 2006). · cites it 22× “(Taxpayer) was proper inasmuch as (a) Taxpayer gained or economically benefitted under HRS § 237-2 from said activities, and (b) the substanee-over-form doctrine enunciated in In re Tax Appeal of Hawaiian Tel.”
In Re the Tax Appeal of Heftel Broad. Honolulu, Inc., 554 P.2d 242 (Haw. 1976). · cites it 10× “In reaching our conclusion, we looked to HRS § 237-2 which specifies what constitutes "Business" for purposes of chapter 237.”
Tax Appeal of Baker & Taylor, Inc. v. Kawafuchi, 82 P.3d 804 (Haw. 2004). · cites it 6× “) HRS § 237-2 (1993) provides that the tenn “business” includes “all activities (personal, professional, or corporate), engaged in or caused to be engaged in with the object of gain or economic benefit either direct or indirect, but does not include casual sales.”
In re Tax Appeal of Travelocity.Com., L.P. v. Dir. of Taxation., 346 P.3d 157 (Haw. 2015). · cites it 4× “Introduction The TAT is imposed by HRS Chapter 237D; HRS § 237-2 provides as follows: (a) There is levied and shall be assessed and collected each month a tax of: [[Image here]] *116 (3) 7.”
In re Tax Appeal of Priceline.com, Inc. v. Dir. of Taxation., 436 P.3d 1155 (Haw. 2019). · cites it 2× “3d at 188-89 (citing HRS § 237-2 (Supp. 1998) ). The OTCs appealed the assessments, and the tax court found that the OTCs were not "operators" subject to TAT under the authorizing statute.”
In Re the Tax Appeal of Grayco Land Escrow, Ltd., 559 P.2d 264 (Haw. 1977). · cites it 3× ““Business” as used in this chapter, includes all activities (personal, professional, or corporate), engaged in or caused to be engaged in with the object of gain or economic benefit either direct or indirect, but does not include casual sales.”
In re the Tax Appeal of Brewer & Co., 649 P.2d 1155 (Haw. 1982). · cites it 4× “A legislative design to reach virtually all transactions with economic gain or benefit as the object may also be observed in HRS § 237-2, reading: “Business” as used in this chapter, includes all activities (personal, professional, or corporate), engaged in or caused to be…”
In Re the Tax Appeal of Island Holidays, Ltd., 582 P.2d 703 (Haw. 1978). · cites it 3× ““Business” is defined by HRS § 237-2 as including “all activities (personal, professional, or corporate), engaged in or caused to be engaged in with the object of gain or economic benefit either difect or indirect,” with the exclusion only of casual sales.”
City & Cnty. of Honolulu v. Kam, 402 P.2d 683 (Haw. 1965). · cites it 2× “*360 1955, § 237-2, that: “No garnishee shall be liable to anyone for the nonpayment of any sum or for the nondelivery of any goods or effects when such garnishee in good faith believes, or has reason to believe, that garnishment or other process affects the same, though such be…”
Collector of Rev. v. Wells Fargo Leasing Corp., 393 So. 2d 1244 (La. 1981). “This continuing leasing of the telecast rights performable only in Hawaii for a rental charge, we believe, is the type of activity contemplated in the definition of `Business' given in HRS § 237-2." 554 P.2d at 246-47 . See also, J.”
In re the Tax Appeal of Trade Wind Tours of Hawaii, Inc., 718 P.2d 1122 (Haw. App. 1986). · cites it 2× “We do not believe a contrary decision would have resulted in Brewer if “less than wholly owned” subsidiaries had not been involved and the parent had rendered services only to its wholly owned subsidiaries.”
Pratt v. Kondo, 496 P.2d 1 (Haw. 1972). · cites it 2× “” We think the Director has shown a pattern of conduct which constitutes an “engaging or continuing”: The term “engaging”, as defined in HRS § 237-2, “includes all activities . .”
Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.