Hawaii Revised Statutes

Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4 (2026)

  Liability of owner limited

✓ current as of July 2026
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     §520-4  Liability of owner limited.  (a)  Except as specifically recognized by or provided in section 520-5, an owner of land who either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use the property for recreational purposes does not:

     (1)  Extend any assurance that the premises are safe for any purpose;

     (2)  Confer upon the person the legal status of an invitee or licensee to whom a duty of care is owed;

     (3)  Assume responsibility for, or incur liability for, any injury to person or property caused by an act of omission or commission of such persons; and

     (4)  Assume responsibility for, or incur liability for, any injury to person or persons who enter the premises in response to an injured recreational user.

     (b)  An owner of land who is required or compelled to provide access or parking for such access through or across the owner's property because of state or county land use, zoning, or planning law, ordinance, rule, ruling, or order, to reach property used for recreation purposes, or as part of a habitat conservation plan, or safe harbor agreement, shall be afforded the same protection as to such access, including parking for such access, as an owner of land who invites or permits any person to use that owner's property for recreational purposes under subsection (a). [L 1969, c 186, §4; am L 1996, c 151, §2; am L 1997, c 272, §3 and c 380, §9; am L 2024, c 3, §3]

 

Case Notes

 

  U.S. government immune from negligence liability under Hawaii recreational use statute (HRUS) for personal injuries suffered by plaintiff while plaintiff was using a military recreational facility, where (1) because the government did not impose a "charge" or "fee" for plaintiff to enter upon and use the recreational facility, plaintiff's use of the government's property was "without charge" under the statute; (2) the fact that dock on which plaintiff was injured was closed to everyone except the instructors and students of the sailing course on day of plaintiff's injury did not strip the government of its HRUS immunity; (3) plaintiff argued that legislative history indicated that HRUS was not intended to immunize businesses from liability to their business invitees, there was no need to resort to statute's legislative history in search of an exception that was clearly not included; and (4) although plaintiff may have had professional as well as personal reasons for taking the sailing course, plaintiff's alleged "professional" motivation did not convert plaintiff into a "nonrecreational" user; plaintiff's subjective intent was, in the situation, immaterial.  181 F.3d 1064 (1999).

  Cited:  902 F. Supp. 1207 (1995); 916 F. Supp. 1511 (1996).

 

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 13 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1986–2021 · leading case: Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006).
Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006). · cites it 166× “Effective June 12, 1996, the legislature amended HRS § 520-4 by adding subsection (b), see supra note 2, to ensure that properties required to provide public access paths to recreational areas would benefit from the same protections afforded owners of the actual recreational…”
Gold Coast Neighborhood Ass'n v. State., 403 P.3d 214 (Haw. 2017). · cites it 4× “See HRS § 520-4 (2006). Additionally, to further protect private property owners, HRS § 520-7 provides that “[n]o person shall gain any rights to any land by prescription or otherwise, as a result of any usage thereof for recreational purposes as provided in this chapter.”
Frances Howard v. United States of Am. Us Sailing Ass'n, Inc. Waikiki Yacht Club, a Hawaii Corp. Guy S. Fleming, 181 F.3d 1064 (9th Cir. 1999). · cites it 4× “Howard argues that the HRUS does not apply to her case because (a) the Government imposed a “charge” for use of the facility; (b) the dock on which she was hurt was not “open to tlie public”; (c) she was a “business invitee” and the HRUS does not apply to “business invitees”;…”
Crichfield v. Grand Wailea Co., 6 P.3d 349 (Haw. 2000). · cites it 3× “HRS § 520-4 (1993 & Supp.1996 & Supp. 1997).”
Atahan v. Muramoto, 984 P.2d 104 (Haw. App. 1999). · cites it 11× “) Further, HRS § 520-4 states: Liability of owner limited.”
Application of Banning, 832 P.2d 724 (Haw. 1992). · cites it 2× “HRS § 520-4 specifically provides that the owner’s liability is limited, with a few exceptions, where he “either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use such property for recreational purposes.”
Wemple ex rel. Dang v. Dahman, 72 P.3d 499 (Haw. App. 2002). · cites it 2× “]” HRS § 520-4 (1993). Specifically, the HRUS provided at the time that “an owner of land owes no duty of care to keep the premises safe for entry or use by others for recreational purposes, or to give any warning of a dangerous condition, use, structure, or activity on such…”
Viess v. Sea Enter. Corp., 634 F. Supp. 226 (D. Haw. 1986). “§ 520-4. Defendant Wailea states that it has never charged anyone for access to Wailea Beach.”
Palmer v. United States, 742 F. Supp. 1068 (D. Haw. 1990). · cites it 2× “The Hawaii Recreational Use Statute, Hawaii Revised Statute section 520-4, provides that “except as specifically recognized by or provided in section 520-6, an owner of land who either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use such property for…”
Brown v. United States, 180 F. Supp. 2d 1132 (D. Haw. 2001). · cites it 2× “Haw.Rev.Stat. § 520-4 limits liability as follows: a) Except as specifically recognized by or provided in section 520-6, an owner of land who either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use the properly for recreational purposes does not: (1)…”
Covington v. United States, 916 F. Supp. 1511 (D. Haw. 1996). “§ 520-4 provides: Except as specifically recognized by or provided in section 520-6, an owner of land who either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use such property for recreational purposes does not thereby: (1) Extend any assurance that the…”
Covington v. United States, 902 F. Supp. 1207 (D. Haw. 1995). “Except as specifically recognized by or provided in section 520-6, an owner of land who either directly or indirectly invites or permits without charge any person to use such property for recreational purposes does not thereby .”
— Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4(a) — 1 case
Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006). “Effective June 12, 1996, the legislature amended HRS § 520-4 by adding subsection (b), see supra note 2, to ensure that properties required to provide public access paths to recreational areas would benefit from the same protections afforded owners of the actual recreational…”
— Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4(a)(1) — 1 case
Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006). “Effective June 12, 1996, the legislature amended HRS § 520-4 by adding subsection (b), see supra note 2, to ensure that properties required to provide public access paths to recreational areas would benefit from the same protections afforded owners of the actual recreational…”
— Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4(a)(2) — 1 case
Atahan v. Muramoto, 984 P.2d 104 (Haw. App. 1999). “) Further, HRS § 520-4 states: Liability of owner limited.”
— Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4(a)(l) — 1 case
Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006). “Effective June 12, 1996, the legislature amended HRS § 520-4 by adding subsection (b), see supra note 2, to ensure that properties required to provide public access paths to recreational areas would benefit from the same protections afforded owners of the actual recreational…”
— Haw. Rev. Stat. § 520-4(b) — 1 case
Thompson v. Kyo-Ya Co., Ltd., 146 P.3d 1049 (Haw. 2006). “Effective June 12, 1996, the legislature amended HRS § 520-4 by adding subsection (b), see supra note 2, to ensure that properties required to provide public access paths to recreational areas would benefit from the same protections afforded owners of the actual recreational…”
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