Iowa Code

Iowa Code § 554.13202 (2026)

Final written expression — parol or extrinsic evidence

✓ current as of July 2026
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Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:

1. by course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance; and

2. by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement. 94 Acts, ch 1052, §15; 2024 Acts, ch 1023, §120 Referred to in §554.13214 \n