Iowa Code

Iowa Code § 622.32 (2026)

Statute of frauds

✓ current as of July 2026

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Except when otherwise specially provided, no evidence of the following enumerated contracts is competent, unless it be in writing and signed by the party charged or by the party’s authorized agent:

1. Those made in consideration of marriage.

2. Those wherein one person promises to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another, including promises by executors to pay the debt of the decedent from their own estate.

3. Those for the creation or transfer of any interest in lands, except leases for a term not exceeding one year.

4. Those that are not to be performed within one year from the making thereof. [C51, §2409, 2410; R60, §4006, 4007; C73, §3663, 3664; C97, §4625; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11285; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §622.32] Referred to in §622.33, 622.34 Declarations of trust, §557.10 Party walls, §563.12 \n

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 90 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1947–2026 · leading case: Recker v. Gustafson, 279 N.W.2d 744 (Iowa 1979).

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Recker v. Gustafson, 279 N.W.2d 744 (Iowa 1979). · cites it 17× “13, The Code, and therefore, the alleged contract to convey was invalid; and that evidence of the purported agreement to convey was incompetent under section 622.32, The Code. Irene Gustafson, separately, denied receipt of $5,000 from Reckers.”

Harriott v. Tronvold, 671 N.W.2d 417 (Iowa 2003). · cites it 18× “Iowa Code § 622.32 . This statute does not render the oral promises mentioned invalid.”

Gallagher, Langlas & Gallagher v. Burco, 587 N.W.2d 615 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998). · cites it 16× “Iowa Code § 622.32 (2) (1997). In construing Iowa Code section 622.”

Netteland v. Farm Bureau Life Ins. Co., 510 N.W.2d 162 (Iowa Ct. App. 1993). · cites it 12× “32 provides, in pertinent part: Except when otherwise specially provided, no evidence of the following enumerated contracts is competent, unless it be in writing and signed by the party charged or by the party's authorized agent: (4) Those that are not to be performed within one…”

Meylor v. Brown, 281 N.W.2d 632 (Iowa 1979). · cites it 10× “2201, citing by analogy cases decided under the general statute of frauds, section 622.32. 274 N.W.2d at 342 . Defendants contend that promissory estoppel should not have been extended to cases involving section 554.”

Duck Creek Tire Serv., Inc., an Iowa Corp., & Midwest Mexican Connection, LTD., an Iowa Corp. v. Goodyear Corners, L.C., 796 N.W.2d 886 (Iowa 2011). · cites it 6× “Iowa Code § 622.32 . The statute of frauds is not a rule of substantive law, but rather a rule of evidence.”

Kolkman v. Roth, 656 N.W.2d 148 (Iowa 2003). · cites it 5× “Iowa Code § 622.32 (1999). One type of contract included within the statute is a contract creating or transferring an interest in real estate other than leases for a term less than one year.”

In Re Eickman Est., 291 N.W.2d 308 (Iowa 1980). · cites it 8× “The defendants also assert that the trial court erred in sustaining plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment on the defendants' counterclaim for specific performance of a purported settlement agreement on the ground that the Iowa statute of frauds, section 622.32, The Code 1977,…”

Smidt v. Porter, 695 N.W.2d 9 (Iowa 2005). · cites it 2× “See Iowa Code § 622.32 (4) (codifying relevant provision of the statute of frauds).”

John Pavone & Signature Mgmt. Grp., L.L.C. v. Gerald M. Kirke & Wild Rose Ent., L.L.C., 801 N.W.2d 477 (Iowa 2011). · cites it 2× “Iowa Code § 622.32 (2003). “The Iowa statute of frauds does not render oral promises invalid.”

Garland v. Branstad, 648 N.W.2d 65 (Iowa 2002). · cites it 4× “See Iowa Code § 622.32 (1999). 3 She specifically relies on subsection (4), relating to agreements “that are not to be performed within one year of the making thereof.”

Warder & Lee Elevator, Inc. v. Britten, 274 N.W.2d 339 (Iowa 1979). · cites it 4× “*342 We have long recognized promissory estoppel as a means of defeating the general statute of frauds in § 622.32, The Code. See Miller v. Lawlor, 245 Iowa 1144 , 66 N.”

Show all 90 citing cases →

— Iowa Code § 622.32(2) — 5 cases

Gallagher, Langlas & Gallagher v. Burco, 587 N.W.2d 615 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998). “Iowa Code § 622.32 (2) (1997). In construing Iowa Code section 622.”

Harriott v. Tronvold, 671 N.W.2d 417 (Iowa 2003). “Iowa Code § 622.32 . This statute does not render the oral promises mentioned invalid.”

Maresh Sheet Metal Works v. N. R. G., Ltd., 304 N.W.2d 436 (Iowa 1981).

Halverson v. Lincoln Commodities, Inc., 297 N.W.2d 518 (Iowa 1980).

In the Matter of the Est. of Atellia J. Kinzenbaw, Doyle Kinzenbaw, Intervenor-Appellant. (Iowa Ct. App. 2016).

— Iowa Code § 622.32(3) — 8 cases

Kolkman v. Roth, 656 N.W.2d 148 (Iowa 2003). “Iowa Code § 622.32 (1999). One type of contract included within the statute is a contract creating or transferring an interest in real estate other than leases for a term less than one year.”

Knight v. Anderson, 292 N.W.2d 411 (Iowa 1980).

Davis v. Roberts, 563 N.W.2d 16 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997).

Fjelland v. Wemhoff, 249 N.W.2d 634 (Iowa 1977).

Baie v. Nordstrom, 29 N.W.2d 211 (Iowa 1947).

— Iowa Code § 622.32(4) — 8 cases

Harriott v. Tronvold, 671 N.W.2d 417 (Iowa 2003). “Iowa Code § 622.32 . This statute does not render the oral promises mentioned invalid.”

Netteland v. Farm Bureau Life Ins. Co., 510 N.W.2d 162 (Iowa Ct. App. 1993). “32 provides, in pertinent part: Except when otherwise specially provided, no evidence of the following enumerated contracts is competent, unless it be in writing and signed by the party charged or by the party's authorized agent: (4) Those that are not to be performed within one…”

Glass v. Minnesota Prot. Life Ins. Co., 314 N.W.2d 393 (Iowa 1982).

W. Reserve Life Assur. Co. of Ohio v. Bratton, 464 F. Supp. 2d 814 (N.D. Iowa 2006).

Johnson v. Ward, 265 N.W.2d 746 (Iowa 1978).

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