Rule; Class; Commonality

13 issues with Massachusetts opinions1975–2024

Interpreting impracticable under rule 23 for class action certification17 opinions · 1976–2024
Analyzing class action requirements under rule 2317 opinions · 1976–2014
Determining class representative adequacy under rule 23(a)thin3 opinions · 1985–2004
Defining the exceptional nature of rule 23.1 pleadingthin3 opinions · 1978–2024
Analyzing sufficiency of responses under rule 33(d)thin3 opinions · 2000–2006
Determining class action propriety under rule 23thin2 opinions · 1986–2008
Defining rule 11 standards and court discretionthin2 opinions · 1989–1994
Certifying class actions under rule 23 and statutethin2 opinions · 1975–1981
Interpreting rule 23 under article iii constraintsthin2 opinions · 2006–2010
Determining class certification under rule 23(b)(3) despite affirmative defensesthin2 opinions · 2006–2008
Analyzing standing and class action modification under rule 23thin1 opinions · 1979
Determining class ascertainability under rule 23thin1 opinions · 2014
Determining class predominance under rule 23thin1 opinions · 2016

Counts are Massachusetts courts’ opinions citing pages in each issue.

How this is built: each issue is a set of opinion pages that later courts cite for the same proposition, grouped from what the citing courts wrote. Names are machine-written from those citations; read the cases before relying on them. Search case law

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Rule; Class; Commonality