Mich. R. Evid. 1001 (2026)

In Rules 1001–1008: (a) A “writing” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent set down in any form. (b) A “recording” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent recorded in any manner. (c) A “photograph” means a photographic image or its equivalent stored in any form. (d) An “original” of a writing or recording means the writing or recording itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by the person who executed or issued it. For electronically- stored information, “original” means any printout—or other output readable by sight—if it accurately reflects the information. An “original” of a photograph includes the negative or any print from it. (e) A “duplicate” means a counterpart produced by a mechanical, photographic, chemical, electronic, or other equivalent process or technique that accurately reproduces the original.