Michigan Compiled Laws
Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.401 (2026)
“Public employee” defined.
✓ current as of July 2026
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POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY PUBLIC EMPLOYEES
Act 169 of 1976
15.401 “Public employee” defined.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act, "public employee" means an employee of the state classified civil service, or an employee of a political subdivision of the state who is not an elected official.
History: 1976, Act 169, Imd. Eff. June 25, 1976
Constitutionality Notes:
In Council No 11, AFSCME v Civil Service Commission, 408 Mich 385; 292 NW2d 442 (1980), the Michigan Supreme Court held that 1976 PA 169 offends no provision of the Michigan constitution.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 16
cases, 1978–2020 · leading case: Michigan State AFL-CIO v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 566 N.W.2d 258 (Mich. 1997).
Michigan State AFL-CIO v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 566 N.W.2d 258 (Mich. 1997). “§ 15.401 et seq.; M.S.A. § 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Michigan Educ. Ass'n v. Sec'y of State, 489 Mich. 194 (Mich. 2010). “(providing that an employee of the state or local unit of government may not engage in political affairs during working hours); the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, MCL 432.201 et seq. (providing that members, employees, or agents of the Michigan Gaming Control Board may…”
Int'l Union, United Auto., Aerospace & Agric. Implement Workers v. Cent. Michigan Univ. Trs., 295 Mich. App. 486 (Mich. Ct. App. 2012). “Because the trial courts’ properly determined that the CMU officials’ candidacy policy did not violate the Act, it correctly denied declaratory and injunctive relief.”
Dep't of Civil Rights Ex Rel Jones v. Dep't of Civil Serv., 301 N.W.2d 12 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980). “[7] 1976 PA 169 ; MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Council No 11, Afscme v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 292 N.W.2d 442 (Mich. 1980). “2 1976 PA 169 , MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Council No. 11, Afscme v. Civil Serv. Comm., 274 N.W.2d 804 (Mich. Ct. App. 1978). “Specifically at issue are Michigan Civil Service Commission Rule 7, which imposes a blanket ban on political activity by classified employees, and the so-called "political freedom act”, 1976 PA 169 , MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Michigan Educ. Ass'n v. Sec'y of State, 793 N.W.2d 568 (Mich. 2010). “, the political activities by public employees act, MCL 15.401 et seq. (providing that an employee of the state or local unit of government may not engage in political affairs during working hours); the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, MCL 432.”
Forster v. Delton Sch. Dist., 440 N.W.2d 421 (Mich. Ct. App. 1989). “; (Count iv) political activities of public employees act, MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Shields v. Charter Tp. of Comstock, 617 F. Supp. 2d 606 (W.D. Mich. 2009). “§ 15.401, et. seq. (Docket # 3, Counts II — III.”
UAW v. Green, 302 Mich. App. 246 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013). “In Council No 11, our Supreme Court addressed a conflict between a statute, MCL 15.401 et seq. ( 1976 PA 169 , the political freedom act), and a CSC rule restricting civil service employees’ participation in political activities.”
Michigan State v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 478 N.W.2d 722 (Mich. Ct. App. 1991). “The complaint contains three counts: count i asserts violations of plaintiffs’ constitutional rights to free speech and association, Const 1963, art 1, § 5; count n asserts violation of 1976 PA 169 , MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
Michigan State AFL-CIO v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 528 N.W.2d 811 (Mich. Ct. App. 1995). “In AFL-CIO I, this Court held that the Civil Service Commission did not exceed its constitutional authority or violate the provisions of 1976 PA 169 , MCL 15.401 et seq.; MSA 4.1702(1) et seq.”
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