Minn. Stat. » CHAPTER 609. CRIMINAL CODE
Minnesota Statutes

Minn. Stat. § 609.02 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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Subdivision 1.Crime.

"Crime" means conduct which is prohibited by statute and for which the actor may be sentenced to imprisonment, with or without a fine.

Subd. 2.Felony.

"Felony" means a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment for one year or more may be imposed.

Subd. 2a.

[Repealed, 1999 c 194 s 11]

Subd. 3.Misdemeanor.

"Misdemeanor" means a crime for which a sentence of not more than 90 days or a fine of not more than $1,000, or both, may be imposed.

Subd. 4.Gross misdemeanor.

"Gross misdemeanor" means any crime which is not a felony or misdemeanor. The maximum fine which may be imposed for a gross misdemeanor is $3,000.

Subd. 4a.Petty misdemeanor.

"Petty misdemeanor" means a petty offense which is prohibited by statute, which does not constitute a crime and for which a sentence of a fine of not more than $300 may be imposed.

Subd. 5.Conviction.

"Conviction" means any of the following accepted and recorded by the court:

(1) a plea of guilty; or

(2) a verdict of guilty by a jury or a finding of guilty by the court.

Subd. 6.Dangerous weapon.

"Dangerous weapon" means any firearm, whether loaded or unloaded, or any device designed as a weapon and capable of producing death or great bodily harm, any combustible or flammable liquid or other device or instrumentality that, in the manner it is used or intended to be used, is calculated or likely to produce death or great bodily harm, or any fire that is used to produce death or great bodily harm.

As used in this subdivision, "flammable liquid" means any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100 degrees Fahrenheit but does not include intoxicating liquor as defined in section 340A.101. As used in this subdivision, "combustible liquid" is a liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Subd. 7.Bodily harm.

"Bodily harm" means physical pain or injury, illness, or any impairment of physical condition.

Subd. 7a.Substantial bodily harm.

"Substantial bodily harm" means bodily injury which involves a temporary but substantial disfigurement, or which causes a temporary but substantial loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ, or which causes a fracture of any bodily member.

Subd. 8.Great bodily harm.

"Great bodily harm" means bodily injury which creates a high probability of death, or which causes serious permanent disfigurement, or which causes a permanent or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ or other serious bodily harm.

Subd. 9.Mental state.

(1) When criminal intent is an element of a crime in this chapter, such intent is indicated by the term "intentionally," the phrase "with intent to," the phrase "with intent that," or some form of the verbs "know" or "believe."

(2) "Know" requires only that the actor believes that the specified fact exists.

(3) "Intentionally" means that the actor either has a purpose to do the thing or cause the result specified or believes that the act performed by the actor, if successful, will cause that result. In addition, except as provided in clause (6), the actor must have knowledge of those facts which are necessary to make the actor's conduct criminal and which are set forth after the word "intentionally."

(4) "With intent to" or "with intent that" means that the actor either has a purpose to do the thing or cause the result specified or believes that the act, if successful, will cause that result.

(5) Criminal intent does not require proof of knowledge of the existence or constitutionality of the statute under which the actor is prosecuted or the scope or meaning of the terms used in that statute.

(6) Criminal intent does not require proof of knowledge of the age of a minor even though age is a material element in the crime in question.

Subd. 10.Assault.

"Assault" is:

(1) an act done with intent to cause fear in another of immediate bodily harm or death; or

(2) the intentional infliction of or attempt to inflict bodily harm upon another.

Subd. 11.Second or subsequent violation or offense.

"Second or subsequent violation" or "second or subsequent offense" means that prior to the commission of the violation or offense, the actor has been adjudicated guilty of a specified similar violation or offense.

Subd. 12.

[Repealed, 1993 c 326 art 2 s 34]

Subd. 13.

[Repealed, 1993 c 326 art 2 s 34]

Subd. 14.

[Repealed, 2014 c 263 s 4]

Subd. 15.Probation.

"Probation" means a court-ordered sanction imposed upon an offender for a period of supervision no greater than that set by statute. It is imposed as an alternative to confinement or in conjunction with confinement or intermediate sanctions. The purpose of probation is to deter further criminal behavior, punish the offender, help provide reparation to crime victims and their communities, and provide offenders with opportunities for rehabilitation.

Subd. 16.Qualified domestic violence-related offense.

"Qualified domestic violence-related offense" includes a violation of or an attempt to violate sections 518B.01, subdivision 14 (violation of domestic abuse order for protection); 609.185 (first-degree murder); 609.19 (second-degree murder); 609.195, paragraph (a) (third-degree murder); 609.20, clauses (1), (2), and (5) (first-degree manslaughter); 609.205, clauses (1) and (5) (second-degree manslaughter); 609.221 (first-degree assault); 609.222 (second-degree assault); 609.223 (third-degree assault); 609.2231 (fourth-degree assault); 609.224 (fifth-degree assault); 609.2242 (domestic assault); 609.2245 (female genital mutilation); 609.2247 (domestic assault by strangulation); 609.25 (kidnapping); 609.255 (false imprisonment); 609.342 (first-degree criminal sexual conduct); 609.343 (second-degree criminal sexual conduct); 609.344 (third-degree criminal sexual conduct); 609.345 (fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct); 609.3458 (sexual extortion); 609.377 (malicious punishment of a child); 609.582, subdivision 1, clause (c) (burglary in the first degree); 609.713 (terroristic threats); 609.748, subdivision 6 (violation of harassment restraining order); 609.749 (harassment or stalking); 609.78, subdivision 2 (interference with an emergency call); 617.261 (nonconsensual dissemination of private sexual images); and 629.75 (violation of domestic abuse no contact order); and similar laws of other states, the United States, the District of Columbia, tribal lands, and United States territories.

Subd. 17.Ammunition.

"Ammunition" means ammunition or cartridge cases, primers, bullets, or propellent powder designed for use in any firearm. Ammunition does not include ornaments, curiosities, or souvenirs constructed from or resembling ammunition or ammunition components that are not operable as ammunition.

Subd. 18.Conditional release.

"Conditional release" means a court-ordered mandatory term of community supervision as prescribed by sections 169A.276, subdivision 1, paragraph (d) (first-degree DWI); 243.166, subdivision 5a (violating predatory offender registration requirements); 609.2231, subdivision 3a, paragraph (d) (assault on secure treatment facility staff); 609.3455, subdivisions 6 and 7 (criminal sexual conduct); 617.246, subdivision 7 (use of minors in sexual performances); and 617.247, subdivision 9 (possession of child sexual abuse material). Conditional release is in addition to any applicable supervised release term.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 620 cases (63 in the last 5 years), 1964–2026 · leading case: State of Minnesota v. Thomas Raymond Struzyk, 869 N.W.2d 280 (Minn. 2015).
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State of Minnesota v. Thomas Raymond Struzyk, 869 N.W.2d 280 (Minn. 2015). · cites it 32× “” Minn. Stat. § 609.02 , subd. 7 (2014). Because the focus of the parties’ argument is on the phrase “physically assaults” as it relates to the infliction of bodily harm, we need not consider whether the phrase “physically assaults” has a broader meaning.”
State v. Orsello, 554 N.W.2d 70 (Minn. 1996). · cites it 36× “1995); see Minn.Stat. § 609.02 (1994). The crime of stalking is new and has no precise analogue in common law.”
In Re Welfare of C.R.M., 611 N.W.2d 802 (Minn. 2000). · cites it 36× “In Minnesota, the distinction between strict liability crimes and those requiring a mens rea has been recognized in both our case law and statutes; for example and relevant here, is Minn.Stat. § 609.02, subd. 9 (1998), providing definitions for chapter 609 offenses: (1) When…”
State v. Fleck, 810 N.W.2d 303 (Minn. 2012). · cites it 31× “After all the evidence was presented to the jury, the district court submitted two forms of assault to the jurors: (1) assault-fear, Minn.Stat. § 609.02, subd. 10(1) (2010) (prohibiting an act done with the intent to cause fear in another of immediate bodily harm or death), and…”
State v. Scovel, 916 N.W.2d 550 (Minn. 2018). · cites it 14× “See Minn. Stat. § 609.02 , subd. 2 (2016) (defining "felony" as "a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment for more than one year may be imposed"); Minn.”
State v. Vance, 734 N.W.2d 650 (Minn. 2007). · cites it 12× “Minn.Stat. § 609.02, subd. 10 (2004). [4] The statute further provides that the element of criminal intent is established when "the actor either has a purpose to do the thing or cause the result specified or believes that the act, if successful, will cause that result.”
State v. Mikulak, 903 N.W.2d 600 (Minn. 2017). · cites it 19× “The State also relies on Minn. Stat. § 609.02 , subd. 9(2) (2016), which defines "know” as requiring "only that the actor believes that the specified fact exists.”
State v. Strobel, 932 N.W.2d 303 (Minn. 2019). · cites it 28× “a of the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines, the classification of a prior offense as a gross misdemeanor or felony is determined by reference to the statute setting forth the elements of the crime, or by reference to Minn. Stat. § 609.02 (2018) (defining "felony" and "gross…”
State v. Wright, 686 N.W.2d 295 (Minn. Ct. App. 2004). · cites it 12× “" See Minn.Stat. § 609.02, subd. 10 (defining assault).”
State v. Jeffries, 806 N.W.2d 56 (Minn. 2011). · cites it 14× “The State argues that Jef-fries was never convicted in connection with his first guilty plea because the district court did not unconditionally accept his guilty plea and because it was not recorded.”
State of Minnesota v. Alie Christine Theodore Dorn, 887 N.W.2d 826 (Minn. 2016). · cites it 15× “Dorn appealed, arguing that her intent and conduct did not meet the definition of assault under Minn. Stat. § 609.02 , subd. 10(2) (2014) (assault-harm).”
State v. Hough, 585 N.W.2d 393 (Minn. 1998). · cites it 10× “” Minn. Stat. § 609.02 , subd. 10(1) (1996).”
Show all 620 citing cases →
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(1) — 1 case
Yang v. United States (W.D. Wis. 2021).
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(11) — 1 case
State v. Kornexl, 351 N.W.2d 26 (Minn. Ct. App. 1984).
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(2) — 3 cases
United States v. Tommy Bruce Glasgow, 478 F.2d 850 (8th Cir. 1973).
State v. Olson, 451 N.W.2d 672 (Minn. Ct. App. 1990).
United States v. Pederson, 359 F. Supp. 1151 (D. Minnesota 1973).
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(7) — 2 cases
State v. Berry, 309 N.W.2d 777 (Minn. 1981).
State v. Blegen, 387 N.W.2d 459 (Minn. Ct. App. 1986).
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(7a) — 1 case
State v. Labrum, 318 P.3d 1151 (Utah Ct. App. 2014).
— Minn. Stat. § 609.02(9) — 1 case
United States v. Wendell Brown, 734 F.3d 824 (8th Cir. 2013).
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