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Subdivision 1.Aiding, abetting; liability.
A person is criminally liable for a crime committed by another if the person intentionally aids, advises, hires, counsels, or conspires with or otherwise procures the other to commit the crime.
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Subd. 2.Expansive liability.
A person liable under subdivision 1 is also liable for any other crime committed in pursuance of the intended crime if reasonably foreseeable by the person as a probable consequence of committing or attempting to commit the crime intended.
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Subd. 2a.Exception.
(a) A person may not be held criminally liable for a violation of section 609.185, paragraph (a), clause (3), for a death caused by another unless the person intentionally aided, advised, hired, counseled, or conspired with or otherwise procured the other with the intent to cause the death of a human being.
(b) A person may not be held criminally liable for a violation of section 609.19, subdivision 2, clause (1), for a death caused by another unless the person was a major participant in the underlying felony and acted with extreme indifference to human life.
(c) As used in this subdivision, "major participant" means a person who:
(1) used a deadly weapon during the commission of the underlying felony or provided a deadly weapon to another participant where it was reasonably foreseeable that the weapon would be used in the underlying felony;
(2) caused substantial bodily harm to another during the commission of the underlying felony;
(3) coerced or hired a participant to undertake actions in furtherance of the underlying felony that proximately caused the death, and where it was reasonably foreseeable that such actions would cause death or great bodily harm; or
(4) impeded another person from preventing the death either by physical action or by threat of physical action where it was reasonably foreseeable that death or great bodily harm would result.
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Subd. 3.Abandonment of criminal purpose.
A person who intentionally aids, advises, hires, counsels, or conspires with or otherwise procures another to commit a crime and thereafter abandons that purpose and makes a reasonable effort to prevent the commission of the crime prior to its commission is not liable if the crime is thereafter committed.
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Subd. 4.Circumstances of conviction.
A person liable under this section may be charged with and convicted of the crime although the person who directly committed it has not been convicted, or has been convicted of some other degree of the crime or of some other crime based on the same act, or if the person is a juvenile who has not been found delinquent for the act.
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Subd. 5.Definition.
For purposes of this section, a crime also includes an act committed by a juvenile that would be a crime if committed by an adult.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in
352
cases (
22 in the last 5 years), 1964–2026 · leading case:
State v. Caldwell, 803 N.W.2d 373 (Minn. 2011).
State v. Caldwell, 803 N.W.2d 373 (Minn. 2011).
· cites it 28× “*379 Prosecution and Trial Caldwell, who was driving the SUV from which Cole was shot, was indicted on six counts of aiding and abetting murder under Minn.Stat. § 609.05 (2010):(1) first-degree premeditated murder in violation of MinmStat.”
State v. Swanson, 707 N.W.2d 645 (Minn. 2006).
· cites it 18× “The limited nature of the prosecutorial misconduct as well as the very strong evidence of guilt establishes that the jury’s decision to convict was surely unattributable to the misconduct, and the error is therefore harmless.”
State v. Leja, 684 N.W.2d 442 (Minn. 2004).
· cites it 32× “The court held that because the accomplice liability imposed under Minn.Stat. § 609.05 for the first offense second-degree felony murder makes Leja a principal in the commission of that offense, she cannot also be guilty as an accomplice-after-the-fact.”
State of Minnesota v. Kemen Lavatos Taylor, II, 869 N.W.2d 1 (Minn. 2015).
· cites it 20× “” Minn. Stat. § 609.05 , subd. 1 (2014). The district court further instructed the jury: Mere presence at the scene of a crime, without more, is not enough for you to impose liability under the aiding and abetting law.”
State v. Vang, 774 N.W.2d 566 (Minn. 2009).
· cites it 18× “See Minn.Stat. §§ 609.05, 609.185(a)(1), 609.”
State v. Ulvinen, 313 N.W.2d 425 (Minn. 1981).
· cites it 16× “Appellant was convicted of first degree murder pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 609.05, subd. 1 (1980), imposing criminal liability on one who "intentionally aids, advises, hires, counsels, or conspires with or otherwise procures" another to commit a crime.”
State v. White, 684 N.W.2d 500 (Minn. 2004).
· cites it 17× “In this direct appeal, White claims that (1) the district court erred by denying his Batson objection to the state's peremptory challenge of a prospective juror; (2) Minnesota's accomplice liability statute, Minn.Stat. § 609.05 (2002), is unconstitutional; (3) the district court…”
State v. Young, 710 N.W.2d 272 (Minn. 2006).
· cites it 14× “The state argues that there is sufficient evidence to show that Martin intentionally killed Anthony and that Young is liable as an accomplice under Minn.Stat. § 609.05 (2004). When reviewing sufficiency of evidence, we inquire “whether, given the facts in the record and any…”
State v. Earl, 702 N.W.2d 711 (Minn. 2005).
· cites it 16× “Minn.Stat. § 609.05, subd. 2 (2004) (emphasis added).”
State v. Merrill, 428 N.W.2d 361 (Minn. 1988).
· cites it 18× “Thus, appellant was convicted as an accomplice pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 609.05 (1986). Chamblee testified under a grant of immunity at appellant’s trial.”
State v. Yang, 774 N.W.2d 539 (Minn. 2009).
· cites it 10× “See Minn.Stat. §§ 609.05, 609.185(a)(1), 609.”
— Minn. Stat. § 609.05(2) — 3 cases
— Minn. Stat. § 609.05(a) — 1 case
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