Mont. Code Ann. » TITLE 39. LABOR · CHAPTER 30. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PREFERENCE · Part 1. General Provisions
Montana Code Annotated

Mont. Code Ann. § 39-30-103 (2026)

Definitions

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  1. MCA Contents
  2. TITLE 39
  3. CHAPTER 30
  4. Part 1
  5. 39-30-103 Definitions

TITLE 39. LABOR

CHAPTER 30. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PREFERENCE

Part 1. General Provisions

Definitions

39-30-103. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(1) "Eligible spouse" means the spouse of a person with a disability determined by the department of public health and human services to have a 100% disability and who is unable to use the employment preference because of the person's disability.

(2) (a) "Initial hiring" means a personnel action for which applications are solicited from outside the ranks of the current employees of:

(i) a department, as defined in 2-15-102, for a position within the executive branch;

(ii) a legislative agency for a position within the legislative branch;

(iii) a judicial agency, such as the office of supreme court administrator, office of supreme court clerk, state law library, or similar office in a state district court for a position within the judicial branch;

(iv) a city or town for a municipal position, including a city or municipal court position; and

(v) a county for a county position, including a justice's court position.

(b) A personnel action limited to current employees of a specific public entity identified in this subsection (2), current employees in a reduction-in-force pool who have been laid off from a specific public entity identified in this subsection (2), or current participants in a federally authorized employment program is not an initial hiring.

(3) (a) "Mental impairment" means:

(i) a disability attributable to intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism, or any other neurologically disabling condition closely related to intellectual disability and requiring treatment similar to that required by intellectually disabled individuals; or

(ii) an organic or mental impairment that has substantial adverse effects on an individual's cognitive or volitional functions.

(b) The term mental impairment does not include alcoholism or drug addiction and does not include any mental impairment or mental disease or disorder that has been asserted by the individual claiming the preference as a defense to any criminal charge.

(4) "Person with a disability" means:

(a) an individual certified by the department of public health and human services to have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, such as writing, seeing, hearing, speaking, or mobility, and that limits the individual's ability to obtain, retain, or advance in employment; or

(b) any disabled veteran as defined in 39-29-101, except that the disabled veteran must be discharged under honorable conditions as defined in 39-29-101.

(5) "Position" means a position occupied by a permanent or seasonal employee as defined in 2-18-101 for the state or a position occupied by a similar permanent or seasonal employee with a public employer other than the state. However, the term does not include:

(a) a position occupied by a temporary employee as defined in 2-18-101 for the state or a similar temporary employee with a public employer other than the state;

(b) a state or local elected official;

(c) employment as an elected official's immediate secretary, legal adviser, court reporter, or administrative, legislative, or other immediate or first-line aide;

(d) appointment by an elected official to a body such as a board, commission, committee, or council;

(e) appointment by an elected official to a public office if the appointment is provided for by law;

(f) a department head appointment by the governor or an executive department head appointment by a mayor, city manager, county commissioner, or other chief administrative or executive officer of a local government;

(g) engagement as an independent contractor or employment by an independent contractor; or

(h) a position occupied by a student intern, as defined in 2-18-101.

(6) (a) "Public employer" means:

(i) any department, office, board, bureau, commission, agency, or other instrumentality of the executive, judicial, or legislative branch of the government of the state of Montana; and

(ii) any county, city, or town.

(b) The term does not include a school district, a vocational-technical program, a community college, the board of regents of higher education, the Montana university system, a special purpose district, an authority, or any political subdivision of the state other than a county, city, or town.

(7) "Substantially equal qualifications" means the qualifications of two or more persons among whom the public employer cannot make a reasonable determination that the qualifications held by one person are significantly better suited for the position than the qualifications held by the other persons.

History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 1, Sp. L. 1983; amd. Sec. 34, Ch. 658, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 10, Ch. 646, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 28, Ch. 308, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 62, Ch. 545, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 546, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 339, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 34, Ch. 472, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 11, Ch. 75, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 68, L. 2013; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 191, L. 2013; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 161, L. 2015.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 5 cases, 1988–2009 · leading case: Saucier Ex Rel. Mallory v. McDonald's Restaurants of Montana, Inc., 2008 MT 63, 179 P.3d 481.
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Saucier Ex Rel. Mallory v. McDonald's Restaurants of Montana, Inc., 2008 MT 63, 179 P.3d 481. · cites it 4× “This document stated that, based on medical and psychological reports, Saucier was considered permanently disabled pursuant to § 39-30-103, MCA. ¶ 9 The record indicates that in 1998, when Saucier reached the age of twenty-one, she returned to Billings.”
McDonald v. Dep't of Env't Quality, 2009 MT 209, 214 P.3d 749. · cites it 4× “" See § 39-30-103(4), MCA; Admin. R.M. 2.21.1427(2).”
Hammer v. Butte Silver Bow Cnty., 760 P.2d 76 (Mont. 1988). · cites it 6× “Those issues are: (1) Did the District Court err in holding that the contract in question herein, calling for the provision of certain legal services to the Butte-Silver Bow local government, created an independent contractor relationship? (2) Did the District Court err in…”
Olson v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 765 P.2d 171 (Mont. 1988). · cites it 3× “” The term “substantially equal qualifications” is defined in Section 39-30-103(9), MCA: “ ‘Substantially equal qualifications’ means the qualifications of two or more persons among whom the public employer cannot make a reasonable determination that the qualifications held by…”
Hamner v. Butte-Silver Bow, 2000 MT 108N. · cites it 5× “¶12 In turn, § 39-30-103(7), MCA (1997), sets forth the following definition: "Substantially equal qualifications" means the qualifications of two or more persons among whom the public employer cannot make a reasonable determination that the qualifications held by one person are…”
Mont. Code Ann. § 39-30-103(4): 1 case
McDonald v. Dep't of Env't Quality, 2009 MT 209, 214 P.3d 749. “" See § 39-30-103(4), MCA; Admin. R.M. 2.21.1427(2).”
Mont. Code Ann. § 39-30-103(7): 1 case
Hamner v. Butte-Silver Bow, 2000 MT 108N. “¶12 In turn, § 39-30-103(7), MCA (1997), sets forth the following definition: "Substantially equal qualifications" means the qualifications of two or more persons among whom the public employer cannot make a reasonable determination that the qualifications held by one person are…”
Mont. Code Ann. § 39-30-103(7)(g): 1 case
Hammer v. Butte Silver Bow Cnty., 760 P.2d 76 (Mont. 1988). “Those issues are: (1) Did the District Court err in holding that the contract in question herein, calling for the provision of certain legal services to the Butte-Silver Bow local government, created an independent contractor relationship? (2) Did the District Court err in…”
Mont. Code Ann. § 39-30-103(9): 1 case
Olson v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 765 P.2d 171 (Mont. 1988). “” The term “substantially equal qualifications” is defined in Section 39-30-103(9), MCA: “ ‘Substantially equal qualifications’ means the qualifications of two or more persons among whom the public employer cannot make a reasonable determination that the qualifications held by…”
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