N.C. Gen. Stat. » Chapter 14
NC General Statutes

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 (2026)

Death by distribution of certain controlled substances; aggravated death by distribution of certain controlled substances; penalties

✓ current as of July 2026
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(a) Legislative Intent. - The General Assembly recognizes that deaths due to the opioid epidemic are devastating families and communities across North Carolina. The General Assembly finds that the opioid crisis is overwhelming medical providers engaged in the lawful distribution of controlled substances and is straining prevention and treatment efforts. Therefore, the General Assembly enacts this law to encourage effective intervention by the criminal justice system to hold illegal drug dealers accountable for criminal conduct that results in death.

(a1) Death by Distribution Through Unlawful Delivery of Certain Controlled Substances. - A person is guilty of death by distribution through unlawful delivery of certain controlled substances if all of the following requirements are met:

(1) The person unlawfully delivers at least one certain controlled substance.

(2) The ingestion of the certain controlled substance or substances causes the death of the user.

(3) The commission of the offense in subdivision (1) of this subsection was the proximate cause of the victim's death.

(a2) Death by Distribution Through Unlawful Delivery with Malice of Certain Controlled Substances. - A person is guilty of death by distribution through unlawful delivery with malice of certain controlled substances if all of the following requirements are met:

(1) The person unlawfully delivers at least one certain controlled substance.

(2) The person acted with malice.

(3) The ingestion of the certain controlled substance or substances causes the death of the user.

(4) The commission of the offense in subdivision (1) of this subsection was the proximate cause of the victim's death.

(b) Death by Distribution Through Unlawful Sale of Certain Controlled Substances. - A person is guilty of death by distribution through unlawful sale of certain controlled substances if all of the following requirements are met:

(1) The person unlawfully sells at least one certain controlled substance.

(2) The ingestion of the certain controlled substance or substances causes the death of the user.

(3) The commission of the offense in subdivision (1) of this subsection was the proximate cause of the victim's death.

(4) Repealed by Session Laws 2023-123, s. 2(b), effective December 1, 2023, and applicable to offenses committed on or after that date.

(c) Aggravated Death by Distribution Through Unlawful Sale of Certain Controlled Substances. - A person is guilty of aggravated death by distribution through unlawful sale of certain controlled substances if all of the following requirements are met:

(1) The person unlawfully sells at least one certain controlled substance.

(2) The ingestion of the certain controlled substance or substances causes the death of the user.

(3) The commission of the offense in subdivision (1) of this subsection was the proximate cause of the victim's death.

(4) Repealed by Session Laws 2023-123, s. 2(b), effective December 1, 2023, and applicable to offenses committed on or after that date.

(5) The person has a previous conviction under this section, G.S. 90-95(a)(1), 90-95.1, 90-95.4, 90-95.6, or trafficking in violation of G.S. 90-95(h), or a prior conviction in any federal or state court in the United States that is substantially similar to an offense listed, within 10 years of the date of the offense. In calculating the 10-year period under this subdivision, any period of time during which the person was incarcerated in a local, state, or federal detention center, jail, or prison shall be excluded.

(d) Certain Controlled Substance. - For the purposes of this section, the term "certain controlled substance" includes any opium, opiate, or opioid; any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium, opiate, or opioid; cocaine or any other substance described in G.S. 90-90(1)(d); methamphetamine; a depressant described in G.S. 90-92(a)(1); or a mixture of one or more of these substances.

(e) Lesser Included Offense. - Death by distribution through unlawful sale of certain controlled substances constitutes a lesser included offense of aggravated death by distribution through unlawful sale of certain controlled substances in violation of this section.

(f) Samaritan Protection. - Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict or interfere with the rights and immunities provided under G.S. 90-96.2.

(g) Lawful Distribution. - This section shall not apply to any of the following:

(1) Issuing a valid prescription for a controlled substance for a legitimate medical purpose by an individual practitioner acting in the usual course of professional practice.

(2) Dispensing, delivering, or administering a controlled substance pursuant to a prescription, by a pharmacy permitted under G.S. 90-85.21, a pharmacist, or an individual practitioner.

(h) Penalties. - Unless the conduct is covered under some other provision of law providing greater punishment, the following classifications apply to the offenses set forth in this section:

(1) A violation of subsection (a1) of this section is a Class C felony.

(1a) A violation of subsection (a2) or (b) of this section is a Class B2 felony.

(2) A violation of subsection (c) of this section is a Class B1 felony. (2019-83, s. 1; 2023-123, s. 2(b).)

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 6 cases (6 in the last 5 years), 2021–2026 · leading case: State v. Wise (N.C. Ct. App. 2026).
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State v. Wise (N.C. Ct. App. 2026). · cites it 12× “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 (c) (2019). A “certain controlled substance” includes “any -5- STATE V.”
State v. Robinson (N.C. Ct. App. 2026). · cites it 7× “” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 (b) (2021). On the other hand, the sale and/or delivery of a controlled substance comprises a transfer of a controlled substance “by either sale or delivery, or both.”
Carmona v. State of NC (W.D.N.C. 2021). · cites it 3× “3 2 It appears Plaintiff was charged with death by distribution of a controlled substance in violation of N.C.G.S. § 14-18.4. [See Doc. 4-1 at 3-4].”
State v. McCrorey (N.C. Ct. App. 2023). · cites it 2× “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 (b) (2021). Under our de novo standard of review, we now consider each of Defendant’s three arguments regarding why the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss, construing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the State.”
Carmona v. Union Cnty. Sheriffs Off. (W.D.N.C. 2023). · cites it 2× “The Plaintiff was arrested on February 17, 2021, and was placed in UCJ pending trial for charges including death by distribution in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 . [Doc. 64-4: Younts Aff.”
J. Mitchell v. PPB (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2025). “at 26; see N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 . On that date, the Board issued a detainer for Mitchell to ensure that after resolution of the North Carolina Charges, he would be returned to Pennsylvania for parole violation proceedings.”
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4(d): 1 case
State v. Wise (N.C. Ct. App. 2026). “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-18.4 (c) (2019). A “certain controlled substance” includes “any -5- STATE V.”
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