Ohio Rev. Code » Chapter 1333
Ohio Revised Code

Ohio Rev. Code § 1333.91 (2026)

Pyramid promotional scheme definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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Effective:
March 8, 2019
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 329 - 132nd General Assembly
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As used in sections 1333.91 to 1333.94 of the Revised Code:

(A) "Pyramid promotional scheme" means any plan or operation by which individuals pay consideration for the chance or opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from recruiting other individuals into the plan or operation rather than from the sale of products or services to ultimate users or from the consumption or use of products or services by ultimate users.

(B) "Compensation" means money, financial benefit, or anything of value. Compensation does not include payment based upon sales made to persons who are not participants in a pyramid promotional scheme, and who are not purchasing in order to participate in the plan or operation.

(C) "Consideration" means the payment of money or anything of value or the purchase of products, services, or intangible property. The term does not include:

(1) Payment for sales demonstration equipment and materials furnished at cost for use in making sales and not for resale;

(2) Any time or effort spent in pursuit of sales or recruiting activities.

(D) "Ultimate user" means an individual who consumes or uses a product or service, whether or not the individual is a participant in the plan or operation.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 9 cases, 1980–2006 · leading case: Rieser v. Hayslip (In Re Canyon Sys. Corp.), 343 B.R. 615 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2006).
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Rieser v. Hayslip (In Re Canyon Sys. Corp.), 343 B.R. 615 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2006). · cites it 8× “Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 1333.91. Ohio Revised Code § 1333.”
Brown v. Exec. 200, Inc., 416 N.E.2d 610 (Ohio 1980). “95 provides: “The remedies in sections 1333.91 to 1333.95 of the Revised Code are in addition to remedies otherwise available.”
State v. Beckley, 448 N.E.2d 1147 (Ohio 1983). · cites it 3× “” A pyramid, sales plan or program is defined in R.C. 1333.91, quod vide. There is no constitutional attack on this definitional section.”
In Re Disposition of Prop. Held by Geauga Cnty. Sheriff, 718 N.E.2d 990 (Ohio Ct. App. 1998). · cites it 3× “*683 R.C. 1333.91 et seq. prohibits pyramid sales plans.”
Ronk v. Maresh (In Re Maresh), 277 B.R. 339 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2001). · cites it 2× “Second, the bankruptcy court found that Baird Ronk did not reasonably rely on the advice of a consulting expert — a one David Mo-nea — because, in violation of O.R.C. §§ 1333.91 & 1333.92, FRA was involved in a pyramid scheme.”
United States v. Gold Unlimited, Inc., 177 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 1999). “2(b) (1997); Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 1333.91(A) (Banks-Baldwin 1998); OR.”
Murray v. Withrow (In Re PM-II Assocs., Inc.), 100 B.R. 940 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1989). · cites it 4× “was charged in a lawsuit by the defendant State of Ohio, with having violated provisions of the Ohio Anti-Pyramid Sales Law, O.R.C. §§ 1333.91, et seq., and the Ohio Consumer Sales Practices Act, O.”
State v. Guinn, 537 N.E.2d 656 (Ohio 1989). · cites it 3× “The second element of this crime is defined in two sections of the Revised Code, R.C. 1333.91 and 1333.99. R.C. 1333.91 provides, in pertinent part: “As used in sections 1333.”
State Ex Rel. Celebrezze v. Howard, 602 N.E.2d 665 (Ohio Ct. App. 1991). “Appellant first contends that the Anti-Pyramid Sales Law preempts the CSPA.”
— Ohio Rev. Code § 1333.91(A) — 2 cases
Rieser v. Hayslip (In Re Canyon Sys. Corp.), 343 B.R. 615 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2006). “Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 1333.91. Ohio Revised Code § 1333.”
United States v. Gold Unlimited, Inc., 177 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 1999). “2(b) (1997); Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 1333.91(A) (Banks-Baldwin 1998); OR.”
— Ohio Rev. Code § 1333.91(B) — 1 case
Rieser v. Hayslip (In Re Canyon Sys. Corp.), 343 B.R. 615 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2006). “Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 1333.91. Ohio Revised Code § 1333.”
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