Ohio Revised Code

Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07 (2026)

Unauthorized practice

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(A) No person who is not licensed to practice law in this state shall do any of the following:

(1) Hold that person out in any manner as an attorney at law;

(2) Represent that person orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as being authorized to practice law;

(3) Commit any act that is prohibited by the supreme court as being the unauthorized practice of law.

(B)(1) The use of "lawyer," "attorney at law," "counselor at law," "law," "law office," or other equivalent words by any person who is not licensed to practice law, in connection with that person's own name, or any sign, advertisement, card, letterhead, circular, or other writing, document, or design, the evident purpose of which is to induce others to believe that person to be an attorney, constitutes holding out within the meaning of division (A)(1) of this section.

(2) Only the supreme court may make a determination that any person has committed the unauthorized practice of law in violation of division (A)(3) of this section.

(C)(1) If necessary to serve the public interest and consistent with the rules of the supreme court, any person who is authorized to bring a claim before the supreme court that alleges the unauthorized practice of law in violation of division (A)(3) of this section may make a motion to the supreme court to seek interim relief prior to the final resolution of the person's claim.

(2) Any person who is damaged by another person who commits a violation of division (A)(3) of this section may commence a civil action to recover actual damages from the person who commits the violation, upon a finding by the supreme court that the other person has committed an act that is prohibited by the supreme court as being the unauthorized practice of law in violation of that division. The court in which that action for damages is commenced is bound by the determination of the supreme court regarding the unauthorized practice of law and shall not make any additional determinations regarding the unauthorized practice of law. The court in which the action for damages is commenced shall consider all of the following in awarding damages to a person under division (C)(2) of this section:

(a) The extent to which the fee paid for the services that constitute the unauthorized practice of law in violation of division (A)(3) of this section exceeds the reasonable fees charged by licensed attorneys in the area in which the violation occurred;

(b) The costs incurred in paying for legal advice to correct any inadequacies in the services that constitute the unauthorized practice of law in violation of division (A)(3) of this section;

(c) Any other damages proximately caused by the failure of the person performing the services that constitute the unauthorized practice of law to have the license to practice law in this state that is required to perform the services;

(d) Any reasonable attorney's fees that are incurred in bringing the civil action under division (C)(1) or (2) of this section.

(3) Divisions (C)(1) and (2) of this section apply, and may be utilized, only regarding acts that are the unauthorized practice of law in violation of division (A)(3) of this section and that occur on or after the effective date of this amendment.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 31 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 1989–2026 · leading case: Greenspan v. Third Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 2009-Ohio-3508, 912 N.E.2d 567.
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Greenspan v. Third Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 2009-Ohio-3508, 912 N.E.2d 567. · cites it 7× “{¶ 1} This appeal calls upon the court to determine whether a private cause of action existed for the unauthorized practice of law before R.C. 4705.07 was amended on September 15, 2004, to expressly allow a civil cause of action.”
Shertok v. Wallace Grp. Gen. Dentistry For Today, Inc., 2020-Ohio-4369. · cites it 10× “{¶15} In January 2018, three months after the trial court had stricken the Wallace Group’s motion to dismiss, Shertok filed a motion for leave to amend his complaint to add an unauthorized-practice-of-law cause of action under R.C. 4705.07 against Wallace for her February 2017…”
Cleveland Metro. Bar Ass'n v. Davie, 2012-Ohio-4328, 977 N.E.2d 606. · cites it 6× “{¶ 28} R.C. 4705.07(A) provides: No person who is not licensed to practice law in this state shall do any of the following: (1) Hold that person out in any manner as an attorney at law; (2) Represent that person orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as being authorized…”
State v. Brown, 671 N.E.2d 280 (Ohio Ct. App. 8th Dist. 1995). · cites it 7× “02 rather than R.C. § 4705.07.” *493 Appellant here argues that R.”
Anderson v. United Fin. Sys. Corp., 281 F.R.D. 292 (N.D. Ohio 2012). · cites it 12× “On September 21, 2010, Plaintiffs filed their multi-count Class Action Complaint, alleging the following claims: Count I-Violation of R.C. 4705.07 (unauthorized practice of law); Count II-Rescission of Void Contract; *295 Count Ill-Breach of Contract; Count IV-Unjust Enrichment;…”
Dayton Supply & Tool Co. v. Montgomery Cnty. Bd. of Revision, 856 N.E.2d 926 (Ohio 2006). “VII (regulating the unauthorized *381 practice of law) and R.C. 4705.07(A)(3) (barring nonattorneys from “any act that is prohibited by the supreme court as being the unauthorized practice of law”).”
Cleveland Bar Ass'n v. Misch, 695 N.E.2d 244 (Ohio 1998). “We also note that R.C. 4705.07 provides in part, “No person who is not regularly licensed to practice law in this state shall hold himself out in any *261 manner as an attorney at law, or shall represent himself either orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as authorized…”
Ohio State Bar Assn. v. Watkins Global Network, L.L.C. (Slip Opinion), 2020-Ohio-169, 150 N.E.3d 68. “, concur. DEWINE, J., concurs in part and dissents in part, with an opinion joined by KENNEDY, J.”
Bank of New York v. Miller, 923 N.E.2d 651 (Ohio Ct. App. 5th Dist. 2009). “” {¶ 21} Appellant argues that no trial court could ever find that he has engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, as only the Ohio Supreme Court has jurisdiction to so determine pursuant to R.C. 4705.07(B)(2). Appellant cites no case law in support of this contention, and…”
In re Banks, 561 A.2d 158 (D.C. 1989). “); Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 4705.07 (Baldwin 1982); 42 Pa.”
Feagan v. Bethesda N. Hosp., 2024-Ohio-166. “, Shertock (finding that a party engaged in frivolous conduct where the party attempted to bring a cause of action for the unauthorized practice of law under R.C. 4705.07(C)(2) without the prior necessary finding by the Supreme Court that the unauthorized practice of law…”
Waterman v. Kitrick, 572 N.E.2d 250 (Ohio Ct. App. 10th Dist. 1990). “The contract alleged and described by plaintiff has not been demonstrated to be violative of R.C. 4705.07 and DR 2-107 as a matter of law.”
Show all 31 citing cases →
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(A): 2 cases
Cleveland Metro. Bar Ass'n v. Davie, 2012-Ohio-4328, 977 N.E.2d 606. “{¶ 28} R.C. 4705.07(A) provides: No person who is not licensed to practice law in this state shall do any of the following: (1) Hold that person out in any manner as an attorney at law; (2) Represent that person orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as being authorized…”
Disciplinary Couns. v. Casey, 2013-Ohio-5284, 3 N.E.3d 168.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(A)(1): 8 cases
Cleveland Metro. Bar Ass'n v. Davie, 2012-Ohio-4328, 977 N.E.2d 606. “{¶ 28} R.C. 4705.07(A) provides: No person who is not licensed to practice law in this state shall do any of the following: (1) Hold that person out in any manner as an attorney at law; (2) Represent that person orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as being authorized…”
Disciplinary Couns. v. Pratt, 2010-Ohio-6210, 127 Ohio St. 3d 293.
Disciplinary Couns. v. Robson, 878 N.E.2d 1042 (Ohio 2007).
Disciplinary Couns. v. Hernandez, 2014-Ohio-5486, 29 N.E.3d 916.
State v. Allen, 2025-Ohio-209.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(A)(2): 3 cases
Disciplinary Couns. v. Hernandez, 2014-Ohio-5486, 29 N.E.3d 916.
State v. Crowder, 2026-Ohio-1474.
Disciplinary Couns. v. Hernandez (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-5486.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(A)(3): 4 cases
Shertok v. Wallace Grp. Gen. Dentistry For Today, Inc., 2020-Ohio-4369. “{¶15} In January 2018, three months after the trial court had stricken the Wallace Group’s motion to dismiss, Shertok filed a motion for leave to amend his complaint to add an unauthorized-practice-of-law cause of action under R.C. 4705.07 against Wallace for her February 2017…”
Dayton Supply & Tool Co. v. Montgomery Cnty. Bd. of Revision, 856 N.E.2d 926 (Ohio 2006). “VII (regulating the unauthorized *381 practice of law) and R.C. 4705.07(A)(3) (barring nonattorneys from “any act that is prohibited by the supreme court as being the unauthorized practice of law”).”
Lorain Cty. Bar Assn. v. Zubaidah (Slip Opinion), 2014-Ohio-4060, 20 N.E.3d 687.
Carter v. Durden, 2017-Ohio-738.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(B)(1): 2 cases
Cleveland Metro. Bar Ass'n v. Davie, 2012-Ohio-4328, 977 N.E.2d 606. “{¶ 28} R.C. 4705.07(A) provides: No person who is not licensed to practice law in this state shall do any of the following: (1) Hold that person out in any manner as an attorney at law; (2) Represent that person orally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as being authorized…”
Cleveland Metro. Bar Ass'n v. McGinnis, 2013-Ohio-4581, 998 N.E.2d 474.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(B)(2): 3 cases
Bank of New York v. Miller, 923 N.E.2d 651 (Ohio Ct. App. 5th Dist. 2009). “” {¶ 21} Appellant argues that no trial court could ever find that he has engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, as only the Ohio Supreme Court has jurisdiction to so determine pursuant to R.C. 4705.07(B)(2). Appellant cites no case law in support of this contention, and…”
Shertok v. Wallace Grp. Gen. Dentistry For Today, Inc., 2020-Ohio-4369. “{¶15} In January 2018, three months after the trial court had stricken the Wallace Group’s motion to dismiss, Shertok filed a motion for leave to amend his complaint to add an unauthorized-practice-of-law cause of action under R.C. 4705.07 against Wallace for her February 2017…”
Carter v. Durden, 2017-Ohio-738.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(C)(2): 8 cases
Greenspan v. Third Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 2009-Ohio-3508, 912 N.E.2d 567. “{¶ 1} This appeal calls upon the court to determine whether a private cause of action existed for the unauthorized practice of law before R.C. 4705.07 was amended on September 15, 2004, to expressly allow a civil cause of action.”
Shertok v. Wallace Grp. Gen. Dentistry For Today, Inc., 2020-Ohio-4369. “{¶15} In January 2018, three months after the trial court had stricken the Wallace Group’s motion to dismiss, Shertok filed a motion for leave to amend his complaint to add an unauthorized-practice-of-law cause of action under R.C. 4705.07 against Wallace for her February 2017…”
Anderson v. United Fin. Sys. Corp., 281 F.R.D. 292 (N.D. Ohio 2012). “On September 21, 2010, Plaintiffs filed their multi-count Class Action Complaint, alleging the following claims: Count I-Violation of R.C. 4705.07 (unauthorized practice of law); Count II-Rescission of Void Contract; *295 Count Ill-Breach of Contract; Count IV-Unjust Enrichment;…”
Feagan v. Bethesda N. Hosp., 2024-Ohio-166. “, Shertock (finding that a party engaged in frivolous conduct where the party attempted to bring a cause of action for the unauthorized practice of law under R.C. 4705.07(C)(2) without the prior necessary finding by the Supreme Court that the unauthorized practice of law…”
Columbus Bar Ass'n v. Am. Fam. Prepaid Legal Corp., 2009-Ohio-5336, 916 N.E.2d 784.
Ohio Rev. Code § 4705.07(C)(2)(a): 1 case
Anderson v. United Fin. Sys. Corp., 281 F.R.D. 292 (N.D. Ohio 2012). “On September 21, 2010, Plaintiffs filed their multi-count Class Action Complaint, alleging the following claims: Count I-Violation of R.C. 4705.07 (unauthorized practice of law); Count II-Rescission of Void Contract; *295 Count Ill-Breach of Contract; Count IV-Unjust Enrichment;…”
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