Tex. Codes » Family Code · TITLE 4. PROTECTIVE ORDERS AND FAMILY VIOLENCE · SUBTITLE B. PROTECTIVE ORDERS · CHAPTER 85. ISSUANCE OF PROTECTIVE ORDER
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Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001 (2026)

Required Findings And Orders

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Sec. 85.001. REQUIRED FINDINGS AND ORDERS.

(a) At the close of a hearing on an application for a protective order, the court shall find whether family violence has occurred.

(b) If the court finds that family violence has occurred, the court:

(1) shall render a protective order as provided by Section 85.022 applying only to a person found to have committed family violence; and

(2) may render a protective order as provided by Section 85.021 applying to both parties that is in the best interest of the person protected by the order or member of the family or household of the person protected by the order.

(c) A protective order that requires the first applicant to do or refrain from doing an act under Section 85.022 shall include a finding that the first applicant has committed family violence.

(d) If the court renders a protective order for a period of more than two years under Section 85.025(a-1), the court must include in the order a finding described by that subsection.

Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 34, Sec. 1, eff. May 5, 1997. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 91, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.

Amended by:

Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 627 (S.B. 789), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.

Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1432), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.

Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 797 (S.B. 1120), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2025.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 119 cases (43 in the last 5 years), 1998–2026 · leading case: Teel v. Shifflett, 309 S.W.3d 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010).
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Teel v. Shifflett, 309 S.W.3d 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010). · cites it 4× “Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.001 (Vernon 2008).”
State ex rel. Prot. of Cockerham v. Cockerham, 218 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). · cites it 4× “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
Marcus Joseph Roper v. Katherine Elizabeth Jolliffe, 493 S.W.3d 624 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015). · cites it 2× “The court found Roper committed family violence in the past and was likely to do so in the future against his fiancée Katherine Elizabeth Jolliffe.”
Wagner v. State, 539 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018). “Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001. The order may not be for a period of more than two years unless the respondent caused serious bodily injury to the applicant or a member of the applicant's family or household, or the respondent was the subject of two or more previous protective orders…”
in the Interest of M.G.M. & V.A.M., 163 S.W.3d 191 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005). · cites it 4× “Under the provisions of Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.001 (b)(1) (Vernon 2002), if the trial court finds that family violence has occurred and further finds that family violence is likely to occur in the future, the court "shall render a protective order as provided by Section 85.”
In re Epperson, 213 S.W.3d 541 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “” Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
James v. Hubbard, 985 S.W.2d 516 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998). · cites it 2× “See TEX. FAM.CODE ANN. § 85.001 (Vernon Supp.”
In re the Marriage Edwards, 79 S.W.3d 88 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002). “See Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(b) (Vernon Supp.”
In re Salgado, 53 S.W.3d 752 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2001). “However, Salgado has not complained of the trial court’s finding that family violence had occurred and was likely to occur in the future. Title 4 requires that at the close of a hearing on an application for protective order, a trial court shall find whether family violence has…”
Russell Thomas Boyd v. Christina Michelle Palmore, 425 S.W.3d 425 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011). “” Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001 (Vernon 2002).”
Pena v. Garza, 61 S.W.3d 529 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. §§ 85.001(a) & (c) (Vernon Supp.”
John Russell Coffman v. Celesste Elane Coffman Melton, 448 S.W.3d 68 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014). · cites it 2× “Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001 (incorporating § 85.”
Show all 119 citing cases →
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(a): 28 cases
Teel v. Shifflett, 309 S.W.3d 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010). “Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.001 (Vernon 2008).”
In re Epperson, 213 S.W.3d 541 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “” Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
In re Salgado, 53 S.W.3d 752 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2001). “However, Salgado has not complained of the trial court’s finding that family violence had occurred and was likely to occur in the future. Title 4 requires that at the close of a hearing on an application for protective order, a trial court shall find whether family violence has…”
Pena v. Garza, 61 S.W.3d 529 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. §§ 85.001(a) & (c) (Vernon Supp.”
State ex rel. Prot. of Cockerham v. Cockerham, 218 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(a)(2): 3 cases
in the Interest of M.G.M. & V.A.M., 163 S.W.3d 191 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005). “Under the provisions of Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.001 (b)(1) (Vernon 2002), if the trial court finds that family violence has occurred and further finds that family violence is likely to occur in the future, the court "shall render a protective order as provided by Section 85.”
In re MGM, 163 S.W.3d 191 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005).
Cesar Rene Terrazas v. Deborah Martinez, No. 13-20-00188-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg May 6, 2021).
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(b): 8 cases
In re the Marriage Edwards, 79 S.W.3d 88 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002). “See Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(b) (Vernon Supp.”
State ex rel. Prot. of Cockerham v. Cockerham, 218 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
John Russell Coffman v. Celesste Elane Coffman Melton, 448 S.W.3d 68 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014). “Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001 (incorporating § 85.”
Timothy Onkst v. Jennifer Morgan, No. 03-18-00367-CV, 2019 WL 4281913 (Tex. App.—Austin Sept. 11, 2019).
Ron Lummus v. Benita Lummus, No. 04-22-00350-CV (Tex. App.—San Antonio Jan. 18, 2023).
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(b)(1): 6 cases
State ex rel. Prot. of Cockerham v. Cockerham, 218 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
in the Interest of M.G.M. & V.A.M., 163 S.W.3d 191 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005). “Under the provisions of Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.001 (b)(1) (Vernon 2002), if the trial court finds that family violence has occurred and further finds that family violence is likely to occur in the future, the court "shall render a protective order as provided by Section 85.”
In re MGM, 163 S.W.3d 191 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005).
Kevin Shae Cox v. Misty Leigh Walden, No. 13-20-00283-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Jan. 13, 2022).
Jeremy Justin McCombs v. State of Texas for the Prot. of Lacey Faith McCombs, No. 03-24-00450-CV (Tex. App.—Austin July 10, 2025).
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(b)(2): 2 cases
State ex rel. Prot. of Cockerham v. Cockerham, 218 S.W.3d 298 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007). “Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 85.001(a) (Vernon 2002).”
Eric Scott Walsh v. Rebecca Leeann Gonzalez, No. 01-21-00729-CV, 2023 WL 4110851 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 22, 2023).
Tex. Fam. Code § 85.001(d): 8 cases
Carl Emanuel Lewis v. Bridney Yancy, No. 01-19-00348-CV, 2020 WL 7251448 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 10, 2020).
Carl Robert Maples v. Cathryn Maples, 601 S.W.3d 23 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2020).
in the Interest of L.J.H., a Child, No. 05-21-00183-CV (Tex. App.—Dallas Sept. 20, 2021).
Milton Jovel v. Katherine Blanco, No. 14-20-00638-CV, 2022 WL 220251 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 25, 2022).
Joseph Kelsey Wayne Morott v. Brian Terry Tinch, No. 14-21-00754-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] May 4, 2023).
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