Tex. Codes » Labor Code · TITLE 5. WORKERS' COMPENSATION · SUBTITLE B. DISCRIMINATION ISSUES · CHAPTER 451. DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED
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Tex. Lab. Code § 451.002 (2026)

Remedies; Burden Of Proof

✓ laws through the 89th Legislature (2025)
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Sec. 451.002. REMEDIES; BURDEN OF PROOF. (a) A person who violates Section 451.001 is liable for reasonable damages incurred by the employee as a result of the violation.

(b) An employee discharged in violation of Section 451.001 is entitled to reinstatement in the former position of employment.

(c) The burden of proof in a proceeding under this section is on the employee.

Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 269, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 63 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1995–2024 · leading case: In Re Poly-Am., L.P., 262 S.W.3d 337 (Tex. 2008).
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In Re Poly-Am., L.P., 262 S.W.3d 337 (Tex. 2008). · cites it 6× “See TEX. LAB.CODE § 451.002 (providing for reinstatement and an award of reasonable damages).”
Cont'l Coffee Prods. Co. v. Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444 (Tex. 1997). · cites it 2× “Tex.Lab.Code § 451.002. 6 . See, e.g., Tex.”
Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237 (Tex. 2001). “See Tex. Lab.Code § 451.002(c). Thus, in considering only the evidence favorable to Francis, the court of appeals did not conduct a proper “matter of law5’ review.”
Holland v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 1 S.W.3d 91 (Tex. 1999). · cites it 2× “Laws 987 , 1273 (current version at Tex. Lab.Code § 451.002). The court of appeals held that a plaintiff may recover attorney’s fees under article 8307c and affirmed the award in this case.”
In Re Luna, 175 S.W.3d 315 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004). · cites it 4× “See Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002 (Vernon 1996).”
Stephens v. Dallas Area Rapid Transit, 50 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001). · cites it 2× “Instead of specifically providing for attorney’s fees, section 451.002 simply states that “[a] person who violates section 451.”
Dallas Cnty. v. Gonzales, 183 S.W.3d 94 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006). “” Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002 (Vernon 1996); Continental Coffee Prods.”
City of Univ. Park v. Van Doren, 65 S.W.3d 240 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002). · cites it 2× “” Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 451.002 (b) (Vernon 1996).”
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Amos, 79 S.W.3d 178 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002). · cites it 2× “filed a workers’ compensation claim in good faith.” Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.001(1). The burden of proof is on the employee to demonstrate the causal link between the discharge and the filing of the claim, an element of a prima facie case for retaliatory discharge.”
Cont'l Coffee Prods. Co. v. Cazarez, 903 S.W.2d 70 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1995). · cites it 2× “" Tex.Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002 (Vernon Pamph.”
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. McKenzie, 997 S.W.2d 278 (Tex. 1999). “Laws 987 , 1273 (current version at Tex. Lab.Code § 451.002). 4 . McKenzie did not refer to any particular statutory provision as a basis for his claims.”
Benners v. Blanks Color Imaging, Inc., 133 S.W.3d 364 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004). “denied); see Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002(c) (providing that employee has burden of proof).”
Show all 63 citing cases →
Tex. Lab. Code § 451.002(a): 9 cases
In Re Poly-Am., L.P., 262 S.W.3d 337 (Tex. 2008). “See TEX. LAB.CODE § 451.002 (providing for reinstatement and an award of reasonable damages).”
Cont'l Coffee Prods. Co. v. Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444 (Tex. 1997). “Tex.Lab.Code § 451.002. 6 . See, e.g., Tex.”
Stephens v. Dallas Area Rapid Transit, 50 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001). “Instead of specifically providing for attorney’s fees, section 451.002 simply states that “[a] person who violates section 451.”
Stevens v. Nat'l Educ. Centers, Inc., 990 S.W.2d 374 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1999).
Metal Indus., Inc. of California v. Farley, 33 S.W.3d 83 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000).
Tex. Lab. Code § 451.002(b): 5 cases
In Re Luna, 175 S.W.3d 315 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004). “See Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002 (Vernon 1996).”
Amanda Armendariz v. Redcats USA, LP, 390 S.W.3d 463 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2012).
Alayon v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 59 S.W.3d 283 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001).
Florida Metal Prods., Inc. & FLAMCO of Texas, Inc. v. Danny Kreder, No. 10-18-00383-CV (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 14, 2020).
Amanda Armendariz v. Redcats USA, LP, No. 08-11-00010-CV (Tex. App.—El Paso June 20, 2012).
Tex. Lab. Code § 451.002(c): 11 cases
Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237 (Tex. 2001). “See Tex. Lab.Code § 451.002(c). Thus, in considering only the evidence favorable to Francis, the court of appeals did not conduct a proper “matter of law5’ review.”
Benners v. Blanks Color Imaging, Inc., 133 S.W.3d 364 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004). “denied); see Tex. Lab.Code Ann. § 451.002(c) (providing that employee has burden of proof).”
Hertz Equip. Rental Corp. v. Kyle Barousse, 365 S.W.3d 46 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).
Chhim v. Univ. of Houston, 76 S.W.3d 210 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002).
City of Univ. Park v. Van Doren, 65 S.W.3d 240 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002). “” Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 451.002 (b) (Vernon 1996).”
Tex. Lab. Code § 451.002(e): 1 case
Stephens v. Delhi Gas Pipeline Corp., 924 S.W.2d 765 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1996).
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