Texas Codes

Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026

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Sec. 111.004. DEFINITIONS. In this subtitle:

(1) "Affiliate" includes:

(A) a person who directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another person; or

(B) any officer, director, partner, employee, or relative of a person, and any corporation or partnership of which a person is an officer, director, or partner.

(2) "Beneficiary" means a person for whose benefit property is held in trust, regardless of the nature of the interest.

(3) "Court" means a court of appropriate jurisdiction.

(4) "Express trust" means a fiduciary relationship with respect to property which arises as a manifestation by the settlor of an intention to create the relationship and which subjects the person holding title to the property to equitable duties to deal with the property:

(A) for the benefit of another person; or

(B) for a particular purpose, in the case of a trust subject to Subchapter F.

(5) "Income" is defined in Section 116.002.

(6) "Interest" means any interest, whether legal or equitable or both, present or future, vested or contingent, defeasible or indefeasible.

(7) "Interested person" means a trustee, beneficiary, or any other person having an interest in or a claim against the trust or any person who is affected by the administration of the trust. Whether a person, excluding a trustee or named beneficiary, is an interested person may vary from time to time and must be determined according to the particular purposes of and matter involved in any proceeding.

(8) "Internal Revenue Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, or any corresponding statute subsequently in effect.

(9) "Inventory value" means the cost of property purchased by a trustee, the market value of property at the time it became subject to the trust, or, in the case of a testamentary trust, any value used by the trustee that is finally determined for the purposes of an estate or inheritance tax.

(10) "Person" means:

(A) an individual;

(B) a corporation;

(D) a partnership;

(E) a joint venture;

(F) an association;

(G) a joint-stock company;

(H) a business trust;

(I) an unincorporated organization;

(J) two or more persons having a joint or common interest, including an individual or a corporation acting as a personal representative or in any other fiduciary capacity;

(K) a government;

(L) a governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality;

(M) a public corporation; or

(N) any other legal or commercial entity.

(11) "Principal" is defined in Section 116.002.

(12) "Property" means any type of property, whether real, tangible or intangible, legal, or equitable, including property held in any digital or electronic medium. The term also includes choses in action, claims, and contract rights, including a contractual right to receive death benefits as designated beneficiary under a policy of insurance, contract, employees' trust, retirement account, or other arrangement.

(13) "Relative" means a spouse or, whether by blood or adoption, an ancestor, descendant, brother, sister, or spouse of any of them.

(14) "Settlor" means a person who creates a trust or contributes property to a trustee of a trust. If more than one person contributes property to a trustee of a trust, each person is a settlor of the portion of the property in the trust attributable to that person's contribution to the trust. The terms "grantor" and "trustor" mean the same as "settlor."

(15) "Terms of the trust" means the manifestation of intention of the settlor with respect to the trust expressed in a manner that admits of its proof in judicial proceedings.

(16) "Transaction" means any act performed by a settlor, trustee, or beneficiary in relation to a trust, including the creation or termination of a trust, the investment of trust property, a breach of duty, the receipt of trust property, the receipt of income or the incurring of expense, a distribution of trust property, an entry in the books and records of the trust, and an accounting by a trustee to any person entitled to receive an accounting.

(17) "Trust property" means property placed in trust by one of the methods specified in Section 112.001 or property otherwise transferred to or acquired or retained by the trustee for the trust.

(18) "Trustee" means the person holding the property in trust, including an original, additional, or successor trustee, whether or not the person is appointed or confirmed by a court.

(19) "Employees' trust" means:

(A) a trust that forms a part of a stock-bonus, pension, or profit-sharing plan under Section 401, Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C.A. Sec. 401 (1986));

(B) a pension trust under Chapter 111; and

(C) an employer-sponsored benefit plan or program, or any other retirement savings arrangement, including a pension plan created under Section 3, Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1002 (1986)), regardless of whether the plan, program, or arrangement is funded through a trust.

(20) "Individual retirement account" means a trust, custodial arrangement, or annuity under Section 408(a) or (b), Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C.A. Sec. 408 (1986)).

(21) "Retirement account" means a retirement-annuity contract, an individual retirement account, a simplified employee pension, or any other retirement savings arrangement.

(22) "Retirement-annuity contract" means an annuity contract under Section 403, Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C.A. Sec. 403 (1986)).

(23) "Simplified employee pension" means a trust, custodial arrangement, or annuity under Section 408, Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C.A. Sec. 408 (1986)).

(24) "Environmental law" means any federal, state, or local law, rule, regulation, or ordinance relating to protection of the environment.

(25) "Breach of trust" means a violation by a trustee of a duty the trustee owes to a beneficiary.

Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3332, ch. 567, art. 2, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 741, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Aug. 31, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 846, Sec. 28, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 642, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 2004; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1103, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.

Amended by:

Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 148 (H.B. 1190), Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2006.

Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 451 (H.B. 564), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007.

Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 699 (H.B. 2913), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.

Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1121 (H.B. 2333), Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2023.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 84 cases (16 in the last 5 years), 1987–2026 · leading case: Carpenter v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018).

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Carpenter v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018). “; Tex. Prop. Code Ann. §111.004 (12) (West 2017) (defining “[p]roperty” to include “property held in any digital or electronic medium”).”

Moon v. Lesikar, 230 S.W.3d 800 (Tex. App. 2007). · cites it 6× “See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. §§ 111.004 (2), (6), (7); In re Estate of Bivins, No.”

In Re Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas, Subsidiary, L.P., 290 S.W.3d 204 (Tex. 2009). · cites it 2× “Under Texas law, although there is a property interest in a legal claim or contractual right, TEX. PROP.CODE § 111.004(12), there is no property interest in a particular non-final judgment, Burroughs v.”

Eisen v. Capital One, Nat'l Ass'n, 232 S.W.3d 309 (Tex. App. 2007). · cites it 8× “" TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 111.004(2) (Vernon 2007).”

Michael D. Lee v. the Rogers Agency, C. Michael Rogers, & New York Life Ins. Co., 517 S.W.3d 137 (Tex. App. 2016). · cites it 3× “) (citing Tex. Prop. Code Ann. §§ 111.004 (7), 115.”

Hubbard v. Shankle, 138 S.W.3d 474 (Tex. App. 2004). · cites it 2× “” Tex. PROP. Code Ann. § 111.004 (4) (Vernon Supp.”

In Re Weekley Homes, L.P., 180 S.W.3d 127 (Tex. 2005). “See Tex. Prop. Code §§ 111.004(7), 115.011, 115.”

Ditta v. Conte, 298 S.W.3d 187 (Tex. 2009). · cites it 2× “Tex. Prop Code § 111.004(4). 18 . Humane Soc’y of Austin & Travis County v.”

Alpert v. Riley, 274 S.W.3d 277 (Tex. App. 2009). · cites it 2× “See Texas Prop.Code Ann. § 111.004(4) (Vernon 2007) (defining “express trust”); Restatement (Third) of Trusts §§ 70, 76-79, 82-84 (2003) (defining the duties of a trustee).”

Endeavour GP, LLC v. Endeavour Highrise, L.P. (In Re Endeavour Highrise, L.P.), 432 B.R. 583 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2010). · cites it 5× “” Texas Property Code § 111.004 defines an “individual retirement account” as “a trust, custodial arrangement, or annuity under Section 408(a) or (b), Internal Revenue Code of 1954 ( 26 U.”

In re Est. of Lee, 551 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. App. 2018). · cites it 4× “" Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 111.004 (2). An "interest" is "any interest, whether legal or equitable or both, present or future, vested or contingent, defeasible or indefeasible.”

Aubrey v. Aubrey, 523 S.W.3d 299 (Tex. App. 2017). · cites it 2× “Texas Property Code section 111.004. See Tex.”

Show all 84 citing cases →

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(1) — 1 case

Wallace v. Perry (In Re Perry), 423 B.R. 215 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2010).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(10) — 3 cases

Wallace v. Perry (In Re Perry), 423 B.R. 215 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2010).

Endeavour GP, LLC v. Endeavour Highrise, L.P. (In Re Endeavour Highrise, L.P.), 432 B.R. 583 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2010). “” Texas Property Code § 111.004 defines an “individual retirement account” as “a trust, custodial arrangement, or annuity under Section 408(a) or (b), Internal Revenue Code of 1954 ( 26 U.”

In re AMRCO, Inc., 496 B.R. 442 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 2013).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(10)(A) — 1 case

Josefina Alexander Gonzalez v. Raymond De Leon (Tex. App. 2015).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(12) — 5 cases

In Re Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas, Subsidiary, L.P., 290 S.W.3d 204 (Tex. 2009). “Under Texas law, although there is a property interest in a legal claim or contractual right, TEX. PROP.CODE § 111.004(12), there is no property interest in a particular non-final judgment, Burroughs v.”

Hubbard v. Shankle, 138 S.W.3d 474 (Tex. App. 2004). “” Tex. PROP. Code Ann. § 111.004 (4) (Vernon Supp.”

Barrientos v. Nava, 94 S.W.3d 270 (Tex. App. 2002).

In the Matter Of: John Davis Orr, Debtor. Internal Revenue Serv. v. John Davis Orr, 180 F.3d 656 (5th Cir. 1999).

Tomlinson v. Tomlinson, 960 S.W.2d 337 (Tex. App. 1998).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(13) — 1 case

Clifton v. Anthony, 401 F. Supp. 2d 686 (E.D. Tex. 2005).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(14) — 8 cases

Casillas v. Cano, 79 S.W.3d 587 (Tex. App. 2002).

Osherow v. Porras (In Re Porras), 312 B.R. 81 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 2004).

In Re Taronji, 174 B.R. 964 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1994).

Texas Com. Bank-San Angelo, N.A. v. Shurley (In Re Shurley), 171 B.R. 769 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 1994).

C. Roberts v. Peggy McConnell, 644 F.3d 244 (5th Cir. 2011).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(15) — 1 case

Fisher v. Miocene Oil & Gas Ltd., 335 F. App'x 483 (5th Cir. 2009).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(17) — 2 cases

Fugedi v. United Rentals (North Am.) Inc. (S.D. Tex. 2021).

Paula A. Mott v. Cathy Helm, by & Through Her Indep. Co-Executors, Carrie Hard & Amy Hard Bergh (2025).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(2) — 8 cases

Eisen v. Capital One, Nat'l Ass'n, 232 S.W.3d 309 (Tex. App. 2007). “" TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 111.004(2) (Vernon 2007).”

Moon v. Lesikar, 230 S.W.3d 800 (Tex. App. 2007). “See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. §§ 111.004 (2), (6), (7); In re Estate of Bivins, No.”

In re Est. of Lee, 551 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. App. 2018). “" Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 111.004 (2). An "interest" is "any interest, whether legal or equitable or both, present or future, vested or contingent, defeasible or indefeasible.”

Ritchie v. Rupe, 339 S.W.3d 275 (Tex. App. 2011).

In Re Townley Bypass Unified Credit Trust, 252 S.W.3d 715 (Tex. App. 2008).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(25) — 1 case

Frances Spanos Shelton v. Vernon Leuschner, & as Durable Power of Attorney for Katherine Leuschner, Robert Lee Spanos, (txctapp15 2026).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(4) — 16 cases

Ditta v. Conte, 298 S.W.3d 187 (Tex. 2009). “Tex. Prop Code § 111.004(4). 18 . Humane Soc’y of Austin & Travis County v.”

Alpert v. Riley, 274 S.W.3d 277 (Tex. App. 2009). “See Texas Prop.Code Ann. § 111.004(4) (Vernon 2007) (defining “express trust”); Restatement (Third) of Trusts §§ 70, 76-79, 82-84 (2003) (defining the duties of a trustee).”

Longoria v. Lasater, 292 S.W.3d 156 (Tex. App. 2009).

Ray Malooly Trust v. Juhl, 186 S.W.3d 568 (Tex. 2006).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(4)(A) — 1 case

Occidental Petroleum v. Wells Fargo, 117 F.4th 628 (5th Cir. 2024).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(6) — 3 cases

Eisen v. Capital One, Nat'l Ass'n, 232 S.W.3d 309 (Tex. App. 2007). “" TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 111.004(2) (Vernon 2007).”

Kenneth L. Berry, Individually Kenneth L. Berry, as Tr. of the Berry Dynasty Trust Kenneth L. Berry, Tr. in a Derivative Capacity for Flying Bull Ranch, Ltd. & Chelsea Nichole Briers v. Dennis W. Berry Marvin G. Berry Allen L. Berry Fb Ranch, LLC Berry Gp, Inc. D/B/A Berry Contracting, Inc. Berry Contracting, Lp D/B/A Bay, Ltd. & Berry Ranches, Llc (Tex. 2022).

Occidental Petroleum Corp. v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (S.D. Tex. 2021).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(7) — 12 cases

In Re Weekley Homes, L.P., 180 S.W.3d 127 (Tex. 2005). “See Tex. Prop. Code §§ 111.004(7), 115.011, 115.”

Moon v. Lesikar, 230 S.W.3d 800 (Tex. App. 2007). “See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. §§ 111.004 (2), (6), (7); In re Estate of Bivins, No.”

Faulkner v. Bost, 137 S.W.3d 254 (Tex. App. 2004).

Mayfield v. Peek, 546 S.W.3d 253 (Tex. App. 2017).

Woods v. McCarty (Ariz. Ct. App. 2020).

— Tex. Prop. Code § 111.004(A) — 1 case

In re: Alpine Summit Energy Partners, Inc., et al. v. HB2 Origination, LLC, et al. (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2026).

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